WAEC Marketing 2026 past questions and answers

The desire for an item backed with the ability to pay is

1. A.demand
2. B.want
3. C.exchange
4. D.need

A business philosophy that focuses on satisfying consumers' needs and wants is marketing

1. A.research
2. B.planning
3. C.concept
4. D.control

Use the following information to answer questions 3 and 4
Ejike bought two sets of chairs, one of which he took to his shop for customer's use, the other set, he took to his house for his son's use.
The set of chairs Ejike took to his shop is classified as

1. A.consumer goods
2. B.unsought goods
3. C.shopping goods
4. D.industrial goods

Use the following information to answer questions 3 and 4
Ejike bought two sets of chairs, one of which he took to his shop for customer's use, the other set, he took to his house for his son's use.
The set of chairs meant for use by Ejike's son is categorized as

1. A.consumer products
2. B.unsought products
3. C.convenience goods
4. D.industrial goods

The difference between needs and demand is that

1. A.needs are basic while demand is not
2. B.needs are backed up with money while demand is not
3. C.demand is backed up with money while needs are not
4. D.demand is basic while needs are not

Exchange in marketing means

1. A.transfer of goods
2. B.buying and selling of goods
3. C.distribution of goods
4. D.advertising and promotion of goods

Use the following information to answer questions 8 and 9
Tiko and Sons established a meat processing factory in a town after considering the purchasing power of the people, as well as their values and belief systems.
The initial consideration before locating the business is an element of

1. A.political environment
2. B.cultural environment
3. C.economic environment
4. D.religious environment

Use the following information to answer questions 8 and 9
Tiko and Sons established a meat processing factory in a town after considering the purchasing power of the people, as well as their values and belief systems.
The post consideration after locating the business is an element of

1. A.political environment
2. B.cultural environment
3. C.economic environment
4. D.religious environment

Which of the following periods in the history of marketing in Nigeria focused on the exchange of goods for other goods?

1. A.Pre-colonial era
2. B.Colonial era
3. C.Independence era
4. D.Modern-marketing era

Use the following information to answer questions 12, 13 and 14. Situation analysis – I
Marketing objectives – II Marketing strategies – III
Implementation – IV Marketing tactics – V
The marketing planning element that is used to implement III is

1. A.I
2. B.II
3. C.IV
4. D.V

Use the following information to answer questions 12, 13 and 14. Situation analysis – I
Marketing objectives – II Marketing strategies – III
Implementation – IV Marketing tactics – V
The marketing planning element that involves the execution of II is

1. A.I
2. B.III
3. C.IV
4. D.V

An entry mode that allows a biscuit producer in Ghana to establish another production plant in Nigeria is

1. A.franchising
2. B.licencing
3. C.direct investment
4. D.joint venture

Use the following information to answer questions 16, 17 and 18.
Mr. Adams was hungry and paid for a plate of food which he ordered from Kemi, an online food vendor.
Mr. Adams' hunger for food is an example of

1. A.a need
2. B.an exchange
3. C.a want
4. D.a desire

Use the following information to answer questions 16, 17 and 18.
Mr. Adams was hungry and paid for a plate of food which he ordered from Kemi, an online food vendor.
His ability to pay for the food is

1. A.exchange
2. B.transaction
3. C.demand
4. D.want

Use the following information to answer questions 16, 17 and 18.
Mr. Adams was hungry and paid for a plate of food which he ordered from Kemi, an online food vendor.
A benefit Mr. Adams would derive from patronizing Kemi is

1. A.convenient shopping
2. B.increased visibility
3. C.cordial relationship
4. D.customer preferential treatment

Which element of merchandising is involved when Adu, a retail shop employee, wraps, marks and provides cushioning for a piece of China-ware purchased by Hannah?

1. A.Labelling
2. B.Packaging
3. C.Branding
4. D.Tagging

Use the following information to answer questions 20 and 21.
A consultant engaged by Lilian and Sons to help boost its declining products demand, made two recommendations. First, the company should offer new customers small units of its products to try, and second, the company should run a limited-time promotion with huge discounts.
The type of sales promotion associated with the second recommendation is

1. A.premium offers
2. B.flash sale
3. C.sweepstakes
4. D.price-off

Use the following information to answer questions 22, 23 and 24.
Odogwu, a vegetable farmer sells to food restaurants and to Tafida for his personal use.
When Odogwu sells to food restaurants, he is operating in

1. A.an institutional market
2. B.an industrial market
3. C.a reseller market
4. D.a consumer market

Use the following information to answer questions 22, 23 and 24.
Odogwu, a vegetable farmer sells to food restaurants and to Tafida for his personal use.
The goods purchased from Odogwu by Tafada is classified as

1. A.specialty goods
2. B.unsought goods
3. C.convenience goods
4. D.industrial goods

Use the following information to answer questions 22, 23 and 24.
Odogwu, a vegetable farmer sells to food restaurants and to Tafida for his personal use.
One factor that would influence the choice of transportation mode, Odogwu would use for his goods is

1. A.government policy
2. B.nature of the product
3. C.weather condition
4. D.consumers' taste

Use the following information to answer questions 25 and 26.
Possy Petroleum Refining Ltd. operates both in The Gambia and Nigeria. The company in The Gambia distributes its products via direct channel because rival firms do so, while, in Nigeria, the product is distributed via independent marketers because the law mandates them to do so.
Which factor influenced the company's choice of distribution channel in Nigeria?

1. A.Competitive factor
2. B.Market characteristics
3. C.Government regulations
4. D.Nature of the product

Use the following information to answer questions 25 and 26.
Possy Petroleum Refining Ltd. operates both in The Gambia and Nigeria. The company in The Gambia distributes its products via direct channel because rival firms do so, while, in Nigeria, the product is distributed via independent marketers because the law mandates them to do so.
The factor that influenced the company's channel choice decision in The Gambia is

1. A.competitive factor
2. B.market characteristics
3. C.environmental factor
4. D.nature of the product

Use the following information to answer questions 27 and 28.
The cost price of a product is N100 and the margin is N25.
What is the selling price of the product?

1. A.N75
2. B.N125
3. C.N400
4. D.N2,500

Use the following information to answer questions 27 and 28.
The cost price of a product is N100 and the margin is N25.
What is the percentage mark-up?

1. A.1.0%
2. B.12.5%
3. C.25.0%
4. D.33.3%

Use the following information to answer questions 29 and 30.
The government of a country intends to ban the use of petrol-powered cars, as a result, Powi Ltd decides to shift its production focus to electric cars.
The marketing environmental factor associated with the government's decision is

1. A.economic factor
2. B.social factor
3. C.political factor
4. D.cultural factor

A blueprint used for directing and coordinating marketing efforts to achieve efficiency is the

1. A.marketing plan
2. B.marketing mix
3. C.product plan
4. D.product mix

A firm that provides electronic platform where farm produce can be bought and sold is an example of

1. A.a manufacturer
2. B.a market facilitator
3. C.a marketing merchandiser
4. D.an agent

A brand seller in a school buttery is operating in

1. A.an industrial market
2. B.a government market
3. C.a consumer market
4. D.an institutional market

Which of the following documents is used for sending goods through another company?

1. A.Bill of lading
2. B.Delivery note
3. C.Consignment note
4. D.Manifest

Use the following information to answer questions 35 and 36.
Pilo Ltd., a shipping company aims at getting a policy cover against pilferage for Mr. Abu's consignment.
The document Pilo Ltd would issue to Mr. Abu as evidence of carriage is a

1. A.consignment note
2. B.waybill
3. C.letter of credit
4. D.bill of lading

Use the following information to answer questions 35 and 36.
Pilo Ltd., a shipping company aims at getting a policy cover against pilferage for Mr. Abu's consignment.
A market facilitator that would assist Pilo Ltd to achieve its aim is

1. A.transporter
2. B.banker
3. C.insurance broker
4. D.advertising agent

The marketing mix element that warranty is associated with is

1. A.product
2. B.place
3. C.promotion
4. D.price

The type of advertising that encourages switching of brands by customers is

1. A.informative advertising
2. B.persuasive advertising
3. C.reminder advertising
4. D.competitive advertising

The display of confectioneries in a supermarket for easy purchase is an example of

1. A.stocking
2. B.merchandising
3. C.advertising
4. D.marketing

Which of the following activities is not performed in the warehouse?

1. A.Pricing of goods
2. B.Sorting of goods
3. C.Packaging of goods
4. D.Shipping of goods

Madam Juls buys goods in large quantities from Azon Ltd and sells in smaller quantities to shop owners who in turn, sells in unit to end users.
(a) State five functions madam Juls would perform for Azon Ltd. (b) Outline five factors that could influence Azon Ltd.'s choice of distribution channel.

(a) What is pricing? (b)Explain the following pricing strategies in marketing: (i) penetration pricing (ii) price skimming (iii) geographical pricing (iv) price haggling (c) State five factors to be considered by a company in fixing prices for its products.

(a). Outline three importance of a warehouse to a retail firm. (b)(i) What is scrambled merchandising?
(ii) List and explain four reasons a retail firm would adopt scrambled merchandising.

Dacon Ltd intends to use an advertising medium that has hard copy features to educate its customers but a consultant recommends an advertising medium that combines sound and picture elements.
(a) State five advantages of the advertising medium the company intends to use. (b) Outline five advantages of the advertising medium the consultant recommended to the company.

A toy shop experiencing declining sales of its product decided to engage a consultant to conduct research to improve its sales. (a) In a logical order, state the stages the consultant would follow to effectively carry out his task. (b) In addition to the declining sales, outline five reasons that could necessitate the consultant's engagement.

(a) State two differences between teaching and a refrigerator as products. (b) List and explain four factors that could affect choice of transportation mode by a cement factory.