WAEC Civic Education 2016 past questions and answers

Orderliness means doing things in the proper, organised and acceptable way.

A round sign with a cross (X) means no stopping (clearway); no parking has a single diagonal line.

The Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act was enacted in 2003 and NAPTIP began work in August 2003; it was replaced by a new Act in 2015.

Empowerment gives a person the ability and means to improve his or her own life.

Collecting rates (tenement rates, market rates, etc.) is a function of local government councils under the Fourth Schedule of the 1999 Constitution.

The Fourth Schedule lists the functions of local government councils; federal powers are in the Second Schedule.

Political apathy is lack of interest in political activities.

Civil society groups use peaceful means such as publicity, boycotts and protests, not violence.

The administrative class are senior officers who advise ministers and help formulate policy; the executive class implements it.

The preamble of the 1999 Constitution opens with 'We the people of the Federal Republic of Nigeria'.

A good citizen is ready to serve the nation when called upon.

Citizenship by naturalization can be withdrawn for disloyalty such as spying for another country. (Under s.30 of the 1999 Constitution a prison term of three years or more within seven years can also lead to deprivation, so option A's one year is not enough.)

Citizenship education aims to make people love and serve their country.

Deviance is behaviour that breaks society's norms, the opposite of orderliness.

Flowing garments can get caught in the wheels or chain of a motorcycle or bicycle and cause accidents.

Iwuya and Ipaja are two different communities with a long history of fighting: an inter-communal feud.

Ayo wants old wars forgotten so the people can live in peace and move forward.

The Headmaster refuses ever to 'come together' with Iwuya, so he prefers hostility to peaceful co-existence.

Educating young people on the dangers of cultism stops them from joining.

Drug abuse damages mental health and commonly leads to depression.

Trafficked people are exploited through forced labour, prostitution and servitude.

Government and society detest (abhor) cultism because of its violence.

Unemployment drives many people to accept false job offers from traffickers.

Cheap or free antiretroviral drugs help PLWHAs stay healthy; separate housing or special clothes would stigmatise them.

Cultists attack those they see as enemies, such as rival cult members.

Only courts can sentence people; agencies cannot execute suspects.

HIV is not spread by sharing plates and spoons, so special cutlery does nothing to reduce it (and stigmatises victims).

Empowered youths can stand on their own: self-reliance.

The judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, interprets the law.

Free speech and freedom to form parties and groups let people take part and criticise government, which democracy needs.

Habeas corpus protects liberty and supports the rule of law; the others limit it.

Stigmatising victims does not prevent HIV; it drives people away from testing and care.

Selfish leaders put their own interests before those of their followers.

Ballot box stuffing is electoral malpractice, not lawful participation.

Counting votes is done by INEC officials, not civil society.

The UN is an intergovernmental organisation, not a civil society group.

The public service is often criticised for slowness and inefficiency.

Bringing party politics into the public service destroys its neutrality.

Neglected children often fall into bad company and crime.

The monologue says the country is at the edge of total moral collapse: ethically bankrupt.

The problem is moral decay, so the remedy is championing moral values.

Value re-orientation tackles all the vices at their root by changing attitudes.

Well-raised children grow into dependable citizens who contribute to development.

Cosmetics are not mind-altering, so they are not drugs of abuse like stimulants, tobacco and narcotics.

Rights such as personal liberty can be lawfully restricted only after a court convicts a person; a suspect keeps his rights.

A public trial with a lawyer of one's choice is the right to fair hearing, showing respect for human rights.

Prisoners in Nigeria are not allowed to vote; he was sentenced to hard labour and may worship or study.

The family is the first and most important place where values are learnt.

Citizens who are faithful, loyal, honest and serve with all their strength, as the pledge says, help the nation develop.

(a) Any four:
Reduces corruption, embezzlement and fraud.
Reduces crime (robbery, kidnapping, cybercrime).
Promotes peace and harmony; reduces envy and conflicts.
Encourages hard work and dignity of labour.
Promotes honesty and self-respect.
Good national image.
(b) Any three:
Corruption and fraud (e.g. advance fee fraud).
Crime such as robbery and kidnapping.
Envy, unhealthy rivalry and conflict.
Materialism and living beyond one's means.
Retarded national development and bad image.

Contentment means being satisfied with what one lawfully has.

Any five, explained:
Placing national interest above personal or ethnic interest.
Obeying laws and respecting constituted authority.
Paying taxes and rates.
Voting and taking part in politics.
Defending the nation and its unity; reporting acts of sabotage.
Fighting corruption and exposing wrongdoing.
Patronising made-in-Nigeria goods.
Respecting national symbols (flag, anthem, pledge).
Constructive criticism of government policies.

Five roles with a sentence each.

(a) National consciousness is a strong feeling of belonging to and loyalty to one's country, putting its interest above ethnic, religious or personal interests.
(b) Any four:
Citizenship/civic education in schools.
Respect for national symbols (anthem, pledge, flag).
Programmes like NYSC and unity schools.
Fair treatment and equal opportunity for all groups.
Good, exemplary leadership.
Public enlightenment by NOA and the mass media.
Patronage of made-in-Nigeria goods; national festivals and sports.

Define, then four ways.

(a) Youth empowerment is the process of giving young people skills, knowledge, resources and opportunities to become self-reliant and contribute to society.
(b) Any three: tailoring/fashion design; hairdressing/barbing; ICT/computer skills; carpentry; welding; farming/agriculture; catering; shoe-making; vehicle repairs.
(c) Any three (as at 2016): National Directorate of Employment (NDE) skills programmes; SURE-P graduate internship scheme; YouWiN! business plan competition; N-Power (2016); NYSC Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development (SAED); Bank of Industry/SMEDAN loans; vocational and technical schools.

Name real government programmes in (c).

(a) Any four:
Abstinence from sex / faithfulness to one uninfected partner.
Correct use of condoms.
Screening of blood before transfusion.
Use of sterile needles and sharp objects; no sharing of razors.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
Public enlightenment on HIV/AIDS.
(b) Any three:
Taking antiretroviral drugs regularly.
Eating a balanced diet.
Regular medical check-ups and counselling.
Rest, exercise and avoiding alcohol and drugs.
Love and support from family; avoiding stigmatisation.

Keep prevention (a) and management (b) separate.

(a) Any two NDLEA functions:
Arrests and prosecutes drug traffickers.
Seizes and destroys illegal drugs; destroys cannabis farms.
Controls drug smuggling at airports, seaports and borders.
Enlightenment and rehabilitation of drug users.
(b) Any three NAFDAC functions:
Registers and regulates food, drugs, cosmetics, chemicals and water.
Controls manufacture, import, export and sale of these products.
Seizes and destroys fake, expired and substandard products.
Inspects factories and shops; tests products in laboratories.
Educates the public on safe use of regulated products.

Two for NDLEA, three for NAFDAC.

(a) Any three:
Federal system with 36 states, FCT and 774 local governments.
Presidential system of government.
Bicameral National Assembly.
Separation of powers and checks and balances.
Fundamental human rights (Chapter IV).
Fundamental objectives and directive principles (Chapter II).
Federal character principle.
Multi-party system; independent electoral commission.
Rigid: amendment needs special majorities.
(b) Any four:
It is the supreme law; any law inconsistent with it is void.
It brought back civilian, democratic rule in 1999.
It protects citizens' rights.
It sets out the powers of each arm and tier of government.
It provides for national unity (federal character).
It provides the framework for elections and peaceful change of government.

Features describe the document; significance says why it matters.

(a) Representative (indirect) democracy is a system in which the people elect representatives in periodic elections to make laws and govern on their behalf.
(b) Any three:
Nigeria's large population makes direct democracy impossible.
Large size of the country.
Complexity of modern government needs full-time representatives.
Ensures every constituency/group is represented.
Promotes accountability through periodic elections.
(c) Any three:
Corruption.
Electoral malpractice and violence.
Political apathy.
Illiteracy and poverty.
Ethnicity and religious bigotry.
Weak institutions; history of military rule.
Poor leadership / godfatherism.

Three parts; lists are enough for (c).

(a) Any four:
Implements government policies and programmes.
Advises ministers on policy.
Provides continuity of government when governments change.
Delivers public services (health, education, etc.).
Keeps government records and data.
Collects revenue.
Provides employment.
(b) Any three:
Recruitment and promotion on merit.
Training and retraining of staff.
Good pay and welfare.
Use of modern technology.
Discipline and punishment of corruption.
Political neutrality.

Four importances, three improvements.