Theory question 106
Plant Responses and Hormones(a) State two differences between tactic and nastic movements in plants. (b) Give two examples each of organisms that show: (i) tactic movement; (ii) nastic movement. (c)(i) State three ways of caring for the mammalian skin. (ii) List three stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive. (d) State five effects of high temperature on a terrestrial habitat. (e)(i) What is courtship behaviour in animals? (ii) List three courtship behaviours in animals. (f) Name three organisms that carry out holozoic mode of nutrition. (g) Explain briefly how fingerprinting can be used to detect crime.
Show the model answer
(a) Any two: tactic movement is movement of the whole organism from place to place / nastic is movement of a part only; tactic movement is directed by the direction of the stimulus / nastic is not related to the stimulus direction; tactic is shown by motile organisms or cells / nastic by fixed plants.
(b)(i) Tactic: Chlamydomonas, Euglena, sperm of ferns or mosses, Paramecium.
(ii) Nastic: Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant), morning glory or other flowers that open and close, leaves of legumes that fold at night, sundew/Venus flytrap.
(c)(i) Any three: bathe regularly with soap and clean water; wear clean clothes; eat a balanced diet; avoid harmful bleaching creams; treat cuts and skin infections quickly; avoid too much sun.
(ii) Any three: heat, cold, touch, pressure, pain.
(d) Any five: increased evaporation dries the soil; plants lose more water and wilt; organisms may die of heat or dehydration; water bodies dry up; animals migrate, burrow or aestivate; enzymes may be denatured; more bush fires; faster decay of organic matter; vegetation becomes sparse (desert-like).
(e)(i) Courtship behaviour is the pattern of actions animals show to attract a mate of the same species before mating.
(ii) Any three: display of bright feathers (peacock, cock); dancing or special movements; calling or singing (frogs, birds, crickets); fighting between males; building nests or giving food; release of scents (pheromones); colour change.
(f) Any three: humans, dog, cow, Amoeba, Hydra, grasshopper, any other animal that ingests solid food.
(g) Every person has a unique fingerprint pattern that does not change. Prints left at a crime scene are lifted (with powder or chemicals) and compared with the fingerprints of suspects or with records; a match identifies the person who was there.
Section C (candidates in Nigeria only). Several short parts: give exactly the number of points asked.