46 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.
A partially fermented preserved forage is referred to as
Answer: B (silage.)
Silage is green forage preserved by fermentation in the absence of air.
The process of obtaining wool from a live sheep is known as
Answer: B (shearing.)
Wool is clipped off the living sheep by shearing; flaying is removing the skin of a dead animal.
The hormone responsible for broodiness in hen is
Answer: C (prolactin.)
Prolactin makes a hen broody (sit on eggs) and stop laying.
Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac in livestock is referred to as
Answer: C (cryptorchidism.)
Cryptorchidism means 'hidden testis': the testes stay in the abdomen.
In West Africa, farm animals are mostly kept for
Answer: A (food.)
Most farm animals in West Africa are kept to provide meat, milk and eggs.
The parasite illustrated in the diagram above is
Answer: A (Trypanosoma sp.)
The long body with a wavy undulating membrane and a flagellum is a trypanosome.
Which of the following diets has the highest crude protein content?
Answer: D (Chick mash)
Young chicks grow fastest and need the most protein, so chick mash has the highest crude protein of these feeds.
Which of the following farm animals is polygastric?
Answer: A (Bull)
A bull is a ruminant with a four-chambered stomach; hens, kits (young rabbits) and sows are monogastric.
A farmer who has a supply order from a pharmaceutical company is keeping farm animals mainly for
Answer: C (raw materials.)
The company uses animal products (e.g. glands, blood) as raw materials for drugs.
Study the diagram below.
The diagram above illustrates the management practice called
Answer: B (dipping.)
The animal is walking through a tank of liquid: a dip.
Study the diagram below.
Which of the following parasites could be controlled through the management practice illustrated?
Answer: D (Tick)
Dipping kills external parasites on the skin such as ticks.
Which of the following animals is kept mainly for animal traction?
Answer: B (Bullock)
Castrated bulls (bullocks) are strong and docile, so they are used to pull ploughs and carts.
During incubation of chicken eggs, the first candling is usually carried out after
Answer: D (six days.)
The first candling is done in the first week (about day 5–7) to remove infertile eggs.
Which of the following grass species is used for roofing farmstead?
Answer: A (Spear grass)
Spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) has long, tough leaves used for thatching roofs.
If a group of animals is picked from a herd based on their fertility rate, growth rate and size, the selection is said to be
Answer: B (mass.)
Mass selection picks individuals on their own visible performance.
The absence of pests and diseases in a pasture ensures
Answer: C (increased productivity.)
Healthy pasture plants grow well and yield more forage.
Study the diagram below.
The equipment shown above is used for
Answer: A (brooding.)
The kerosene lantern supplies heat to keep chicks warm in the brooder.
Study the diagram below.
In poultry management, which of the following equipment is recommended for use in place of the equipment illustrated?
Answer: D (Electric bulb)
An electric bulb gives heat and light without smoke or fire risk.
Methods of improvement include
Answer: D (selection, introduction and breeding.)
Animals are improved by introduction of better breeds, selection of the best and breeding (mating systems).
Which of the following forage crops best controls soil erosion in a pasture?
Answer: B (Centrosema pubescens)
Centrosema creeps and covers the soil surface, protecting it from rain splash and runoff.
One disadvantage of selection is that
Answer: A (some good traits may be eliminated.)
Culling animals for one trait may also remove useful genes they carried.
Staggered gait and rough coat are signs which indicate that the animal is
Answer: D (sick.)
An unsteady walk and dull, rough coat are signs of ill health.
Study the diagram below.
Bile is secreted by the part labelled
Answer: C (III.)
III is the liver, which makes bile.
Study the diagram below.
The secretion stored in the part labelled II is used for
Answer: B (emulsification of fat.)
II is the gall bladder, which stores bile; bile breaks fat into tiny droplets (emulsification).
A horse used for racing is an example of farm animal raised for
Answer: A (recreational activities.)
Horse racing is a sport, so the horse is kept for recreation.
In the marketing of animal products, middlemen create artificial scarcity in order to
Answer: C (make abnormal profit.)
By hoarding goods, middlemen push prices up and make excess profit.
Which of the following activities are involved in the process of rumination? I. Re-chewing II. Regurgitation III. Vomiting
Answer: A (I and II only)
Rumination is bringing up the cud (regurgitation) and chewing it again; vomiting is not part of it.
One of the aims of animal improvement is to
Answer: A (transfer desirable qualities from exotic breeds to local breeds.)
Crossing local and exotic breeds combines high yield with local adaptation.
Study the diagram below.
The part labelled I is called
Answer: A (hook.)
I points to the crown at the very tip of the scolex, which carries the hooks; the suckers are the round cups below it.
Study the diagram below.
The part labelled II is the
Answer: C (proglottid.)
II points to one of the body segments, called proglottids.
Study the diagram below.
The secondary host of the organism is
Answer: C (pig.)
The organism is a tapeworm; humans carry the adult worm and the pig is the secondary (intermediate) host where the bladder worm forms.
Which of the following plants is a source of coagulant in local cheese making?
Answer: D (calotropics procera)
Sap from Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) curdles milk in making local cheese (wara).
Which of the following characteristics are associated with protein concentrates? I. High in energy II. Low in fibre III. Highly digestible
Answer: C (II and III only)
Protein concentrates are low in fibre and highly digestible; their main feature is protein, not energy.
The keeping of honey bees is known as
Answer: B (apiculture.)
Apiculture is bee-keeping; an apiary is the place where hives are kept.
In order to prevent overgrazing of pasture, a farmer should adopt
Answer: B (controlled stocking.)
Keeping the right number of animals per area stops them eating the pasture down too far.
The egg yolk in the diluents used in artificial insemination
Answer: D (provide food for the spermatozoa.)
Egg yolk supplies nutrients for the sperm and protects them from cold shock.
Study the diagram below.
The tool illustrated in the diagram above is
Answer: D (hay fork.)
It has a long handle and long curved tines for lifting hay.
Mad cow disease can easily spread on a farm through
Answer: C (poor feeding.)
Mad cow disease (BSE) is spread by feeding cattle meat-and-bone meal containing infected nerve tissue.
An area of land on which forage grass and legumes naturally grow is called
Answer: C (rangeland.)
Rangeland is natural grazing land with grasses and legumes that were not planted.
Which of the following organisms is an ectoparasite?
Answer: A (Flea)
Fleas live on the outside of the host; the flukes and worms live inside.
(a)(i) State five benefits of keeping bees. (ii) Outline the steps involved in establishing an apiary. (b)(i) State five ways of enhancing the productivity of a pig farm. (ii) State five management practices that are carried out on piglets from birth to weaning.
(a)(i) Any five: honey for food and medicine; beeswax; royal jelly, propolis; pollination of crops; income/employment; needs little land and capital; foreign exchange; bee venom for medicine
(ii) Select a quiet, shaded site with water and flowering plants, away from homes and roads; clear the site; set up stands and hives; bait the hives (beeswax, honey) to attract a colony or introduce bees; inspect regularly for colonisation; fence and put up warning signs
(b)(i) Any five: keep improved breeds; balanced feeding; good housing and sanitation; disease and parasite control (vaccination, deworming); good breeding programme, avoid inbreeding; culling of unproductive pigs; record keeping; adequate water; trained labour
(ii) Any five: cut and disinfect the navel cord; ensure piglets suck colostrum; clip needle teeth; iron injection (against anaemia); identification (ear notching); castration of males not for breeding; creep feeding; provide warmth/guard rails to prevent crushing; tail docking; deworming
List distinct points; give the apiary steps in order.
(a) List three equipment used on a dairy farm. (b) Outline the steps involved in the pasteurization of milk. (c) State four roles of each of the following agents in the marketing of animal products: (i) wholesaler; (ii) retailer. (d) State three advantages of each of the following agents involved in the marketing of animal products: (i) marketing boards; (ii) co-operative societies.
(a) Any three: milking machine; milk can/bucket; milk cooler/refrigerated tank; cream separator; feed and water troughs; weighing scale; drenching gun; hay fork; restraining crush
(b) Collect and filter the milk; heat to 63 °C for 30 minutes (or 72 °C for 15 seconds); cool quickly to about 4–10 °C; package in clean containers and store cold
(c)(i) Wholesaler, any four: buys in bulk from producers; stores the products; transports them; breaks bulk for retailers; gives credit to retailers; finances producers; passes market information
(ii) Retailer, any four: buys from wholesalers; sells in small quantities to consumers; brings goods near consumers; gives credit to customers; passes consumers' views to wholesalers; packages and displays products
(d)(i) Marketing boards, any three: stable/guaranteed prices for farmers; buy all produce offered; quality control/grading; storage facilities; finance research and development
(ii) Co-operative societies, any three: better prices through bulk selling; loans/credit to members; buy inputs cheaply in bulk; reduce exploitation by middlemen; storage and transport facilities; education of members
Keep the roles of the two agents separate.
(a)(i) Describe the life cycle of louse. (ii) State three effects of louse on its host. (iii) State three ways in which louse could be controlled. (iv) Name three farm animals that could be infested by louse. (b) Discuss coccidiosis in farm animals under the following headings: (i) two animals mostly affected; (ii) causal agent; (iii) two symptoms; (iv) two control measures.
(a)(i) Louse has incomplete metamorphosis on one host: the adult female lays eggs (nits) and glues them to the hairs/feathers; eggs hatch in about 1–2 weeks into nymphs; nymphs moult about three times and become adults in 2–3 weeks; the whole cycle is spent on the host
(ii) Any three: irritation and itching, so animal rubs and loses hair/feathers; sucking lice cause anaemia from blood loss; restlessness, poor feeding and loss of weight; drop in milk/egg production; damaged skin/hide; may carry diseases
(iii) Any three: dipping or spraying with insecticide; dusting with insecticide powder; good sanitation of houses; isolating/treating infested animals; avoiding overcrowding; clipping/shearing
(iv) Any three: cattle; goats; sheep; pigs; poultry; rabbits
(b)(i) Any two: poultry; rabbits; cattle (calves); sheep and goats
(ii) Causal agent: protozoa of the genus Eimeria
(iii) Any two: bloody/watery diarrhoea; ruffled feathers and droopy wings; loss of appetite and weight; dullness/weakness; anaemia; sudden deaths in young
(iv) Any two: coccidiostats in feed or water (e.g. amprolium, sulpha drugs); keep litter dry and clean; avoid overcrowding; clean feeders and drinkers; isolate sick animals; vaccination
Follow the headings in order for (b).
(a) Define the term artificial pasture as used in animal production. (b) State six advantages of grass-legume mixtures in a pasture. (c)(i) Mention three management systems used in keeping small ruminants. (ii) State three characteristics of each of the management systems mentioned in (c)(i).
(a) Artificial pasture: land on which selected forage grasses and legumes have been planted and are managed by the farmer for grazing animals
(b) Any six: legumes fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility; feed is more balanced (legumes give protein, grasses energy); higher total yield; better palatability; better ground cover, so less erosion and weeds; grass supports climbing legumes; longer grazing season; reduces need for fertilizer
(c)(i) Extensive (free range); semi-intensive; intensive
(ii) Extensive, any three: animals roam freely to find food; little or no housing; low cost; high losses from theft, disease and accidents; low productivity. Semi-intensive, any three: animals housed part of the time and grazed in fenced paddocks; supplementary feeding; moderate cost and productivity. Intensive, any three: animals kept indoors all the time; all feed and water brought to them; high capital and labour; high productivity; easy disease control and record keeping
In (c)(ii), give three features under each system.
(a) Mention five characteristics considered during selection of livestock for breeding. (b) State five characteristics of a Zebu cattle. (c) State five functions of water in farm animals. (d) List five nutritional disorders in farm animals.
(a) Any five: high production (milk, meat, eggs); fast growth rate; good feed conversion; disease resistance; high fertility/prolificacy; good mothering ability; good conformation and health; adaptation to the environment; docility
(b) Any five: has a hump over the shoulders; long legs; large dewlap and loose skin; drooping ears; long horns (e.g. White Fulani); tolerant of heat and ticks; susceptible to trypanosomiasis; found in the dry northern savanna
(c) Any five: regulates body temperature; medium for chemical reactions; dissolves and transports nutrients and wastes; part of body fluids such as blood and milk; aids digestion and excretion; lubricates joints; keeps cells turgid/maintains body shape
(d) Any five: rickets; milk fever (hypocalcaemia); grass tetany (hypomagnesaemia); anaemia; goitre; bloat; ketosis; scurvy/vitamin deficiencies (night blindness); white muscle disease; pica
Give five distinct points for each part.
(a) Mention five advantages and three disadvantages of castration in livestock production. (b)(i) Draw and label five parts of the digestive system of a domestic fowl. (ii) State one function of each of the parts labelled in (b)(i).
(a) Advantages, any five: prevents indiscriminate mating and inbreeding; makes animals docile and easy to handle; improves meat quality/removes boar taint; faster fattening; allows males and females to be kept together; prevents breeding by inferior males
Disadvantages, any three: risk of infection and bleeding; pain and stress, temporary loss of weight; animal can no longer be used for breeding; lower growth rate than intact males in some species; may die if done badly
(b)(i) A neat, labelled drawing showing any five of: beak/mouth, oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine (duodenum, ileum), liver, pancreas, caeca, large intestine/rectum, cloaca
(ii) Beak: picks up food; oesophagus: carries food to the crop; crop: stores and softens food; proventriculus: secretes gastric juice; gizzard: grinds food with grit; small intestine: digestion and absorption; liver: produces bile; pancreas: produces digestive enzymes; caeca: fibre digestion/water absorption; cloaca: passes out faeces and urine, eggs
Your drawing should have clear label lines and a title.