Theory question 102
Processing and Marketing of Animal Products(a) List three equipment used on a dairy farm. (b) Outline the steps involved in the pasteurization of milk. (c) State four roles of each of the following agents in the marketing of animal products: (i) wholesaler; (ii) retailer. (d) State three advantages of each of the following agents involved in the marketing of animal products: (i) marketing boards; (ii) co-operative societies.
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(a) Any three: milking machine; milk can/bucket; milk cooler/refrigerated tank; cream separator; feed and water troughs; weighing scale; drenching gun; hay fork; restraining crush
(b) Collect and filter the milk; heat to 63 °C for 30 minutes (or 72 °C for 15 seconds); cool quickly to about 4–10 °C; package in clean containers and store cold
(c)(i) Wholesaler, any four: buys in bulk from producers; stores the products; transports them; breaks bulk for retailers; gives credit to retailers; finances producers; passes market information
(ii) Retailer, any four: buys from wholesalers; sells in small quantities to consumers; brings goods near consumers; gives credit to customers; passes consumers' views to wholesalers; packages and displays products
(d)(i) Marketing boards, any three: stable/guaranteed prices for farmers; buy all produce offered; quality control/grading; storage facilities; finance research and development
(ii) Co-operative societies, any three: better prices through bulk selling; loans/credit to members; buy inputs cheaply in bulk; reduce exploitation by middlemen; storage and transport facilities; education of members
Keep the roles of the two agents separate.