Theory question 108
Livestock Management(a) List ten tools or equipment used in a dairy cattle farm.
(b) Name three harmful contaminants of milk in dairy farm.
(c) Explain briefly three precautions which must be taken in order to obtain or produce clean milk.
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(a) Any ten: milking machine; milking pail/bucket; milk churn/can; strainer/sieve; stool; milk cooler/refrigerator; weighing scale; feeding trough; water trough; drenching gun; hoof trimmer; burdizzo; dehorner; ear tagger; cattle crush; brush; teat dip cup; wheelbarrow; spade/fork
(b) Any three: bacteria/germs (e.g. from mastitis, TB, brucellosis); dirt, dung and hair; antibiotic and drug residues; pesticide residues; flies; foreign water/adulterants
(c) Any three: wash and dry the udder and teats before milking; milker must be clean and healthy with clean hands and short nails; use clean, sterilised utensils; milk in a clean place; discard first streams/milk from sick (mastitis) cows; cool milk quickly and keep it covered
List ten items, three contaminants and three precautions with reasons.