Theory question 108
Nigeria's Foreign PolicySection B (answer four questions in all, two from each section)
Why has it been difficult for many African countries to implement the principles of the Non-Alignment?
Show the model answer
Model answer
Economic dependence on former colonial powers and on aid from either bloc
Colonial ties: Commonwealth, French community, defence pacts (e.g. Anglo-Nigerian pact)
Need for arms and military assistance from one bloc
Ideological leanings of leaders (capitalist or socialist)
Foreign debts and loans with conditions (IMF, World Bank)
Trade patterns tied to the West
Education and training of elites in particular blocs
Internal crises and civil wars attracting superpower support (e.g. Angola)
Weak economies and technology
Explanation
Each point should show why genuine neutrality was hard.