55 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. The distance in kilometres from Tiko to Lao as the crow flies is approximately
Answer: B (5.0 kilometres)
A straight line from Tiko to Lao, measured against the linear scale under the map, is about 4½-5 km.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. The relief feature marked A - B in the mapped area can best be described as a
Answer: B (plateau)
Line A-B crosses high ground with steep edges and a broad, fairly level top (spot height 525 m): a plateau.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. Which of the following methods of showing relief is represented by the symbol •525 in the mapped area?
Answer: D (Spot height)
A dot with a height beside it is a spot height.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. What is the direction of Hom from Tiko?
Answer: B (West)
Hom is almost due west of Tiko on the map (only very slightly north), so the direction is west.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. The commodity that can best be transported from Hom to Asa based on the forest resources and the mode of transportation is
Answer: B (timber)
The railway from Hom to Asa runs through forest, so timber is the commodity carried.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. Which of the following is the likely primary economic activity of the inhabitants of Tiko settlement?
Answer: D (Farming)
Tiko is surrounded by farms (fm).
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. APASO town can be described as a
Answer: C (confluence town)
R. Joe flows into R. Apa right beside APASO, so the town stands at a confluence (where two rivers meet). The railway does not end at APASO; it continues to Tiko.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. Which of the following is the predominant mode of transportation in the mapped area?
Answer: C (Rail)
The railway runs right across the map from Hom through Asa and Lao to APASO and Tiko; roads are short.
Study the map of APASO DISTRICT to answer this question. The relief feature marked X - Y in the mapped area can best be described as a
Answer: B (knoll)
X-Y crosses a small isolated hill shown by closed contours in the south-east: a knoll.
The table below shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station X. Use it to answer this question.
Month: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
Temperature (°C): 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 26, 26, 25, 26, 26, 28, 28
Rainfall (mm): 30, 60, 120, 250, 280, 353, 400, 300, 450, 320, 100, 35
The annual range of temperature is
Answer: C (3°C)
28°C − 25°C = 3°C.
The table below shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station X. Use it to answer this question.
Month: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
Temperature (°C): 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 26, 26, 25, 26, 26, 28, 28
Rainfall (mm): 30, 60, 120, 250, 280, 353, 400, 300, 450, 320, 100, 35
What is the annual rainfall recorded at Station X?
Answer: D (2698 mm)
Adding the twelve months gives 2,698 mm.
The table below shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station X. Use it to answer this question.
Month: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
Temperature (°C): 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 26, 26, 25, 26, 26, 28, 28
Rainfall (mm): 30, 60, 120, 250, 280, 353, 400, 300, 450, 320, 100, 35
The type of climate represented by Station X is
Answer: D (equatorial)
High temperatures all year with a tiny range (3°C) and heavy rain (about 2,700 mm) in every month mean an equatorial climate.
Which of the following landforms is associated with wind deposition?
Answer: A (Barchan)
A barchan is a dune built from wind-deposited sand.
Which of the following pairs are effects of rotation of the Earth? I. Day and night II. Phases of the moon III. Shape of the milky Way galaxy IV. Twilight
Answer: B (I and IV only)
Rotation brings day and night and the gradual change between them (twilight); moon phases come from the moon's orbit.
One of the features found in a region where river capture has taken place is a
Answer: D (wind gap)
The beheaded river's former valley is left dry as a wind gap.
A rift valley is formed as a result of
Answer: C (tensional tectonic forces acting on the Earth's crust)
Tension pulls the crust apart, creating parallel faults; the block between them sinks.
"Sides are very steep, the top is almost flat and rises above lowlands on their sides". Which of the following types of mountain does the characteristics above describe?
Answer: B (Block mountain)
Steep fault scarps and a flat top describe a block mountain (horst).
What will be the local time in Town X located on longitude 60°W when it is 10:00am at Tema which is located on the Greenwich meridian?
Answer: C (6:00am)
60° × 4 min = 4 hours; X is west, so it is behind: 10.00 am − 4 h = 6.00 am.
Which of the following pairs of features are found in a limestone region? I. stalactite II. Stack III. Stalagmite IV. Levee
Answer: B (I and III only)
Stalactites and stalagmites form in limestone caves; stacks are coastal and levees are river features.
Hot springs are usually associated with
Answer: D (volcanicity)
Groundwater heated by magma rises as hot springs in volcanic areas.
Calculate the temperature at the peak of a mountain whose height is 8000 metres when the temperature at the foot of the same mountain is 8°C above sea level.
Answer: B (-44°C)
8 × 6.5 = 52°C fall; 8 − 52 = −44°C.
Which of the following arrangement is the correct order of the various coastal features formed before a stack is finally produced?
Answer: D (Headland, cave, arch, stack)
Waves erode a headland into a cave, the cave into an arch, and the arch collapses to leave a stack.
The semi-arid regions are often characterized by limited vegetation with
Answer: A (thorny plants species)
Semi-arid plants are thorny and drought-resistant to reduce water loss.
Which of the following layers of the structure of the earth is found immediately beneath the crust?
Answer: B (Mantle)
The mantle lies directly below the crust.
Geysers are extrusive features produced by
Answer: D (volcanicity)
Geysers are jets of hot water and steam from volcanic areas.
The farthest planet from the sun is
Answer: C (Neptune)
Neptune is the eighth and outermost planet.
The disasters caused by man to the environment are called
Answer: D (environmental hazards)
Damaging events caused by human activity (pollution, deforestation) are environmental hazards.
Abrasion in arid and semi-arid regions involves the
Answer: B (wearing away of rock surfaces by the action of rock particles carried by wind)
Wind abrasion is the sand-blasting of rock by particles the wind carries.
What will be the temperature at the peak of a mountain which is 3000 metres above the sea level if the temperature at the foot of the same mountain which is 1000 metres above the sea level is 26°C?
Answer: A (13°C)
The climb is 2,000 m: 2 × 6.5 = 13°C fall; 26 − 13 = 13°C.
Lota and Babo towns lie along the same meridian. If Lota and Babo are located on latitudes 47°N and 33°S respectively, what is the approximate distance in kilometres between the two towns?
Answer: D (8,880 kilometres)
Opposite hemispheres: 47 + 33 = 80° × 111 km = 8,880 km.
Which of the following pairs of characteristics is common to most manufacturing industries in West Africa? I. Sophisticated technology II. Labour intensive III. Diversified production line IV. Consumer goods oriented
Answer: C (II and IV only)
Most West African factories use much labour and make consumer goods (food, drinks, textiles).
An advantage of high population density is
Answer: B (availability of labour)
Many people in an area provide a ready labour force.
The use of limestone in the process of smelting iron ore is for it to
Answer: A (act as a flux to remove impurities from the iron ore)
Limestone acts as a flux, combining with impurities to form slag.
Which of the following options best explains the function of entrepots? They
Answer: B (are ports where goods are imported, stored and re-exported to other countries)
An entrepôt receives goods, stores them and re-exports them (e.g. Singapore, Rotterdam).
A typical example of a cottage industry is
Answer: D (wood carving industry)
Wood carving is done by hand at home with simple tools.
Bush fallow system of farming ensures
Answer: C (farmland regains its fertility naturally)
Resting the land lets natural vegetation restore soil fertility.
Calculate the population density of country B if it has a population of 800 million and a total land area of 400,000km²
Answer: B (2,000 persons per square kilometre)
800,000,000 ÷ 400,000 = 2,000 persons per km².
Which of the following is not a factor to be considered in establishing a fruit processing industry in Nigeria?
Answer: D (Proximity to pipelines and ziplines)
Fruit factories need fruit, capital and markets; pipelines are irrelevant.
Which of the following is a major environmental concern associated with hydro-electric power generation?
Answer: C (Habitat disruption and displacement)
Dams flood large areas, destroying habitats and displacing people.
When a country's import exceeds its export, international trade is said to be
Answer: B (unfavourable)
Imports greater than exports give an unfavourable balance of trade.
Which of the following is not a factor which promotes the development of tourism in Tropical African countries?
Answer: D (Ineffective publicity)
Poor publicity discourages tourists.
Which of the following countries is a member of the Economic Community of West African States?
Answer: C (Togo)
Togo is a West African ECOWAS member; the others are not.
The movement of people from a town to a village can best be described as
Answer: B (urban-rural migration)
Moving from an urban area to a rural one is urban-rural migration.
(a) What is favourable balance of trade? (b) Outline five factors which hinder high volume of trade among countries in Tropical Africa. (c) Identify four advantages of favourable balance of trade in Tropical African countries
(a) A favourable balance of trade occurs when the value of a country's exports is greater than the value of its imports over a period.
(b) Similar products (mainly primary goods); poor transport and communication links; different currencies and exchange problems; tariffs and trade barriers; political instability and conflicts; colonial ties to Europe; low purchasing power; language barriers; smuggling.
(c) Increases foreign exchange reserves; strengthens the currency; more revenue for government; more jobs; funds for development; reduces foreign debt; encourages investment; raises standard of living.
Define with exports greater than imports.
(a) Identify five ways in which rural settlements depend on urban settlements in developing countries. (b) Highlight five characteristics of rural settlements in developing countries.
(a) Market for farm produce; supply of manufactured goods and farm inputs (fertilizer, tools); jobs for migrants; higher-order services (hospitals, banks, universities); administration and security; information, ideas and technology; transport terminals.
(b) Small population and area; mainly primary occupations (farming, fishing); homogeneous people; buildings of local materials; few social amenities; dispersed or linear layout; simple, quiet life; communal land ownership; close social ties.
Five points each.
(a) What is forced migration? (b) Identify four problems that migrants from developing countries face in developed countries (c) Outline five benefits of migration to the destination regions in Tropical Africa.
(a) Forced migration is the movement of people who are compelled to leave their homes or countries because of threats to their safety or survival, e.g. war, persecution or natural disasters.
(b) Unemployment or low-paid jobs; racial discrimination and xenophobia; housing problems; language barriers; culture shock and loneliness; non-recognition of certificates; risk of deportation; harsh climate.
(c) Larger labour force; skilled manpower; larger market; growth of towns and infrastructure; new ideas and cultural exchange; more investment and trade; more tax revenue.
Name causes such as war in (a).
(a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria. On the map, show and name: (i) One area noted for local craft industries (ii) Kano (b) Explain four characteristics of local craft industries in Nigeria (c) Outline four economic benefits of local craft industries in Nigeria.
(a) Outline of Nigeria with title and north arrow; a craft area such as Kano/Bida (leather, brass, glass), Oyo/Iseyin (weaving, aso-oke), Benin (bronze casting), Akwete (cloth weaving) or Okigwe; Kano in the north.
(b) Small scale, often at home; simple tools and hand skills; local raw materials; family or apprentice labour; little capital; skills passed down generations; low output for local markets.
(c) Employment and income; use of local raw materials; preserve culture and attract tourists; earn foreign exchange from exports of crafts; reduce imports; training of apprentices; supplement farm incomes.
Name a real craft centre.
(a) What is plantation agriculture? (b) Outline five characteristics of plantation agriculture in Nigeria. (c) Identify four problems faced by farmers who practise plantation agriculture in Nigeria.
(a) Plantation agriculture is the large-scale cultivation of a single cash crop (e.g. oil palm, rubber, cocoa) on a large estate, mainly for export or industry.
(b) Large land area; one main crop (monoculture); mainly cash/export crops; large capital; hired skilled and unskilled labour; scientific methods (fertilizers, improved seedlings, machines); processing on the estate; good management; often owned by companies or government.
(c) High capital cost; land tenure problems; pests and diseases; fluctuating world prices; shortage of skilled labour; poor roads; labour disputes; competition from crude oil for labour and attention; insecurity.
Four problems as phrases.
(a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria. On the map, locate and name: (i) one major source region noted for rural-urban migration. (ii) one major town in 6(a)(i). (b) Highlight five problems created in urban centres in Nigeria as a result of population growth. (c) Outline three factors which account for the low population in rural areas in Nigeria.
(a) Outline of Nigeria with title and north arrow; a source region such as the densely settled south-east (Igboland), the Middle Belt or the north-western rural areas; a major town in it, e.g. Enugu, Owerri or Sokoto.
(b) Unemployment; housing shortage and slums; traffic congestion; pressure on water, power, schools and hospitals; crime and social vices; pollution and waste disposal problems; high cost of living; spread of diseases.
(c) Rural-urban migration; lack of jobs; poor social amenities (electricity, water, health care); poor roads; insecurity (banditry, farmer-herder clashes); low farm incomes; natural hazards (drought, floods, desertification).
Explain each factor briefly.
(a) What is a metamorphic rock? (b) List two examples of metamorphic rocks (c) Outline five differences between a sedimentary rock and a metamorphic rock
(a) A metamorphic rock is a rock formed when an existing igneous or sedimentary rock is changed in form and composition by great heat and/or pressure.
(b) Marble; slate; gneiss; schist; quartzite; graphite.
(c) Sedimentary rocks form from deposited sediments, metamorphic from existing rocks changed by heat/pressure; sedimentary are stratified, metamorphic foliated or banded; sedimentary may contain fossils, metamorphic rarely; sedimentary are usually soft and porous, metamorphic hard and compact; sedimentary form at or near the surface, metamorphic deep in the crust or near intrusions; sedimentary are not crystalline, metamorphic often crystalline.
Compare both rocks in each point.
(a) Define the term weathering (b) Highlight three benefits of weathering to mankind. (c) Identify three factors which affect the rate of weathering.
(a) Weathering is the breakdown and decay of rocks in their original position by physical, chemical and biological processes.
(b) Forms soil for agriculture; produces sand, gravel and clay for building; concentrates minerals (e.g. bauxite, laterite); creates attractive landforms for tourism; releases plant nutrients.
(c) Climate (temperature and rainfall); rock type and mineral composition; rock structure (joints); relief and slope; vegetation and organisms; human activities; time.
Short phrases are enough.
(a) Define the term biosphere (b) Highlight four benefits of the biosphere (c) State five characteristics of the biosphere
(a) The biosphere is the zone of the earth where life exists, including parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
(b) Provides food; timber and fuel; medicines; oxygen from plants; raw materials for industry; recycles nutrients; supports tourism and recreation; regulates climate.
(c) Contains all living organisms; overlaps the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere; a thin zone only a few kilometres thick; powered by energy from the sun; organisms interact in food chains and ecosystems; materials are recycled (water, carbon, nitrogen cycles); varies from place to place (biomes).
Mention the three spheres it overlaps.
(a) What is an alluvial fan? (b) With the aid of a diagram, describe the characteristics and mode of formation of an alluvial fan.
(a) An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of sand, gravel and boulders laid down where a stream flows out of a steep mountain valley onto a flat plain.
(b) Diagram: a mountain front, a stream leaving a narrow valley and a fan-shaped spread of deposits on the plain. Characteristics: fan or cone shaped; apex at the mouth of the valley; coarse material near the apex, finer towards the edge; streams divide into many channels; common in arid and semi-arid areas. Formation: a fast stream carries a heavy load down a steep slope; on reaching the gentle plain its gradient and speed drop suddenly; it deposits its load; channels become blocked and the stream shifts from side to side, spreading deposits in a fan; repeated deposition builds the fan up.
Stress the sudden drop in speed.
(a) Identify four factors which influence the amount of rainfall received in an area. (b) With the aid of a diagram, describe how latitude affects the temperature of a place.
(a) Latitude; distance from the sea; relief (windward or leeward side); prevailing winds and air masses; ocean currents; pressure belts (e.g. ITCZ); vegetation; altitude.
(b) Diagram: globe with the sun's rays striking the equator vertically and the poles obliquely. In low latitudes the midday sun is high (overhead at some time of year), so its rays are concentrated on a small area and pass through a thin layer of atmosphere, giving high temperatures; towards the poles the rays are slanting, spread over a larger area and travel through more atmosphere, losing more heat, so temperatures are lower. Temperature therefore decreases from the equator to the poles.
Compare vertical and slanting rays.
(a) Define the term water resources (b) Identify three effects of water pollution (c) Outline three usefulness of water resources
(a) Water resources are sources of water useful to people and living things, such as rivers, lakes, seas, groundwater and rainfall.
(b) Water-borne diseases (cholera, typhoid); death of fish and other aquatic life; shortage of clean drinking water; eutrophication; loss of income for fishermen; bad smell and ugliness.
(c) Drinking and domestic use; irrigation; industry; hydroelectric power; fishing; transport; recreation and tourism.
Three of each.