Theory question 103
Transport, Trade and Tourism(a) What is pipeline transportation? (b) List two products transported by pipeline. (c) Outline four: (i) advantages of pipeline transportation in Tropical African countries; (ii) problems created by pipeline transportation in Tropical African countries.
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(a) Pipeline transportation is the movement of liquids, gases or slurries over long distances through pipes.
(b) Crude oil; refined petroleum products (petrol, kerosene, diesel); natural gas; water; slurries (e.g. coal or cement).
(c)(i) Continuous, reliable flow; cheap to run once built; not affected by weather or terrain; reduces road traffic and accidents; safe for inflammable products; needs little labour.
(ii) High cost of construction; vandalism and theft (pipeline sabotage); oil spills polluting land and water; fire and explosions; displacement of people and loss of farmland; carries only liquids and gases; costly monitoring and maintenance.
Advantages and problems as separate lists.