Theory question 308
Environmental Hazards and ConservationWrite a geographical account of flooding in urban areas under the following headings: (a) four causes; (b) three effects. (c) four measures that can be used to control the flooding.
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(a) Heavy and prolonged rainfall; blocked drains from dumping refuse; inadequate or poorly designed drainage; building on flood plains and waterways; paved surfaces that stop infiltration (more run-off); overflow of rivers and dams; low-lying coastal location and sea surges; deforestation and lack of planning.
(b) Loss of lives; destruction of houses, roads and property; displacement of people; spread of water-borne diseases (cholera); disruption of traffic and business; pollution of water; economic losses.
(c) Build and maintain good drainage and clear blocked drains; ban dumping of refuse in drains; enforce town planning and stop building on waterways and flood plains; dredging and channelisation of rivers; build dams, levees and embankments; afforestation and green spaces; flood early-warning systems; public enlightenment.
Four, three and four points as asked.