Theory question 304
Underground Water and Karst(a)(i) List three landforms found in limestone regions. (ii) Draw a well labelled diagram to show the underground features of a limestone region. (b) Outline three ways by which limestone is beneficial to man.
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(a)(i) Swallow holes (sink holes); dolines and uvalas; poljes; limestone pavement (clints and grikes); dry valleys; caves and caverns; stalactites, stalagmites and pillars; gorges; resurgent streams.
(ii) Diagram: cross-section showing a swallow hole leading to an underground stream, a cave/cavern with stalactites hanging from the roof, stalagmites on the floor, a pillar where they join, and a spring (resurgence) at the base where the stream reappears above impermeable rock.
(b) Raw material for cement; building and road stone; flux in iron and steel smelting; lime for agriculture (reducing soil acidity); chemical industries (soda, paper, glass); tourism (caves); aquifers for water.
Label every underground feature.