Theory question 208
The Ecosystem(a) Define ecosystem. (b) Identify, with examples, two main components of the ecosystem. (c) Describe the interdependence between the two main components identified in 8(b) above. (d) In what two ways can environmental balance be achieved?
Show the model answer
(a) An ecosystem is a community of living things interacting with one another and with their non-living environment in a particular area.
(b) Biotic (living) component: plants (producers), animals (consumers), micro-organisms (decomposers). Abiotic (non-living) component: soil, water, air, sunlight, temperature, rocks.
(c) Plants use sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and soil nutrients to make food; animals eat plants and breathe oxygen given off by plants; decomposers break down dead matter back into soil nutrients; soil, water and air provide habitats; living things in turn change the soil (humus) and air (respiration).
(d) Any two: afforestation/reforestation; conservation of wildlife and forest reserves; controlled use of resources; pollution control; recycling; proper waste disposal; keeping natural cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen) working.
Name both components with examples before linking them.