Theory question 106
Nigeria: People and EconomyFor candidates in Nigeria: (a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria. On the map show and name: (i) the railway line from Lagos to Minna; (ii) one area each of limestone; coal; columbite; gold. (b) Describe the method of mining columbite in Nigeria. (c) Highlight three adverse effects of mining in one of the mining areas in 6(a)(ii) above.
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(a) Railway Lagos-Abeokuta-Ibadan-Oshogbo-Ilorin-Jebba-Mokwa-Minna; limestone: Ewekoro, Nkalagu, Sokoto, Ukpilla; coal: Enugu (Udi), Okaba, Gombe; columbite: Jos Plateau (Jos, Bukuru); gold: Maru, Bin Yauri, Iperindo/Ilesha.
(b) Columbite occurs with tin ore in alluvial deposits on the Jos Plateau; overburden removed by draglines or by hand (open cast/paddock method); the ore-bearing gravel is dug and washed with water jets or in sluices; heavy minerals settle and are concentrated; columbite is separated from tin ore by magnetic separation; small-scale miners use hand digging and panning.
(c) (Jos Plateau) Mine ponds and pits dangerous to people and animals; destruction of farmland and land degradation; soil erosion; pollution of water; loss of vegetation; displacement of people.
Mark the railway with cross-ticks and name the stations.