Theory question 205
Environmental Hazards and ConservationWrite notes on flooding under the following: (a) definition; (b) causes; (c) effects; (d) solution.
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(a) Flooding is the overflow of water onto land that is normally dry.
(b) Heavy and prolonged rainfall; overflow of rivers and lakes; blocked drains and poor drainage systems; building on flood plains and waterways; deforestation increasing runoff; dam failure or release of water; storm surges and high tides on coasts; melting snow.
(c) Loss of lives and property; destruction of farms and crops; damage to roads, bridges and buildings; displacement of people; spread of water-borne diseases; soil erosion; disruption of economic activities.
(d) Build and clear drainage channels; avoid building on flood plains; dredging of rivers; construct dams, levees and embankments; afforestation; early warning systems; enforcement of town planning laws; proper refuse disposal.
Write a few short points under each heading.