Theory question 206
Vegetation(a) Highlight the characteristics of the equatorial rain-forest. (b) Outline four ways in which climate influences the equatorial rain-forest.
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(a) Tall trees (up to 60 m) with straight trunks and buttress roots; three layers of canopy; evergreen with broad leaves; great variety of species (mahogany, iroko, obeche, ebony); dense undergrowth where light reaches; climbers (lianas) and epiphytes; trees of one species scattered, not in pure stands; hardwoods.
(b) Heavy rainfall all year keeps the forest evergreen and dense; constant high temperature (about 27°C) allows continuous growth all year; high humidity favours epiphytes and luxuriant growth; heavy rain leaches soils so trees get nutrients from rapid decay of litter; strong sunlight makes trees compete upward, giving tall trees and layered canopy; no dry season so no leaf-shedding period.
Link each climatic element (rain, heat, humidity, light) to a forest feature.