Theory question 101
Population(a) Explain four ways in which a fall in birth rate can be beneficial to a country (b) What four problems can arise from a fall in the birth rate of a country? (c) In what four ways can the birth rate of such a country be increased?
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(a) Less pressure on food, housing, schools and health care; higher income per head and better living standards; more savings and investment; less unemployment; less pressure on land and the environment.
(b) Ageing population; shortage of labour in future; smaller domestic market; fewer people for defence; heavier burden of caring for the old; possible decline of the population.
(c) Incentives such as child allowances and tax relief; free education and health care for children; maternity leave and benefits; discouraging family-planning campaigns; encouraging early marriage; improving housing.
Each part needs four separate points explained.