Theory question 103
PopulationSection B (answer four questions only from this section)
(a) Explain any two causes of a declining population.
(b) Outline any three factors which determine the size of your country's working population.
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(a) Any two, explained: fall in birth rate (family planning, late marriage, education of women, high cost of raising children); rise in death rate (wars, epidemics, famine, natural disasters); net emigration (more people leaving than arriving).
(b) Any three: size of total population; age structure (proportion aged about 15–65); school-leaving age and length of education; retirement age; number of women in paid work (custom, religion); health of the population; government policy, e.g. on child labour; migration.
Two causes in (a), three factors in (b).