Theory question 105
PopulationSection B: answer three questions only from this section.
(a) Define population census (b) State the implications of (i) optimum population (ii) over-population.
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(a) A population census is the official counting of all the people in a country at a particular time, also recording details such as age, sex, occupation and location; usually done every ten years
(b)(i) Optimum population: output per head (income per head) is at its maximum
Resources are fully and efficiently used; full employment
Highest standard of living for the given resources
(ii) Over-population: low income per head and a falling standard of living
Unemployment and under-employment
Pressure on social amenities, housing and land; congestion
Food shortages and higher food imports, leading to balance of payments problems
Rural–urban drift, crime and environmental damage
State at least three implications for each type.