Theory question 109
Economic Growth and DevelopmentSection B: answer three questions only from this section.
Why are West African countries referred to as under-developed?
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Model answer
Low per capita income and mass poverty
Low level of savings and capital formation
Low level of technology and productivity
Dependence on agriculture and primary products; few industries
High rate of population growth
High levels of unemployment and under-employment
High illiteracy and shortage of skilled manpower
Poor infrastructure (roads, power, water, health)
Political instability
Dependence on foreign aid and persistent balance of payments problems
Poor standard of living: low life expectancy, high infant mortality
Explanation
Give and explain at least five features of under-development.