WAEC Commerce 1992 Theory question 107

(a) Planning is deciding in advance what the organisation wants to achieve (objectives) and how, when and by whom it will be done.
(b) Benefits: gives the firm clear goals and direction; helps to use resources efficiently; reduces uncertainty and risk; provides a basis for control (standards to measure performance); helps co-ordination of departments; aids decision-making; prepares the firm for the future.
(c) Four: recruitment and selection of staff; training and development; promotion, transfer, discipline and dismissal; staff welfare; wages and salary administration; keeping staff records; industrial relations with trade unions.

Define planning in one sentence, then list benefits and functions.