WAEC Civic Education 2026 past questions and answers

By upholding values like honesty and respect, individuals contribute primarily to a more

1. A.efficient and productive society
2. B.competitive and innovative economy
3. C.trustworthy and cooperative society
4. D.secure and stable environment

National consciousness encompasses

1. A.sharing of national cake
2. B.feeling of love for one's country
3. C.feeling of concern for one's parents
4. D.thinking on how to survive in a nation.

The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) paved way for

1. A.abuse of human rights.
2. B.authoritarian system of government
3. C.the acceptance of more human rights treaties
4. D.flagrant violations of human rights.

How can a society balance individuals' freedom with the need for law and order? By

1. A.establishing clear rules and regulations that must be obeyed
2. B.creating laws that protect rights while ensuring public safety
3. C.providing opportunities for citizens to participate in law-making processes
4. D.prioritizing national security and public safety over freedom of individuals.

Responsible parents raise children who are

1. A.hostile and aggressive
2. B.struggling with self-esteem issue
3. C.rigid in their perspective
4. D.equipped to face real-world challenge

The road sign shown implies

1. A.no left turn
2. B.right turn not allowed
3. C.right turn allowed
4. D.U-turn prohibited

What is the primary skill needed for effective interpersonal relationships?

1. A.Financial management skills to ensure economic stability
2. B.Communication skills to express thoughts and feelings
3. C.Physical skills to maintain a healthy lifestyle
4. D.Technological skills to facilitate communication

What does cultism commonly lead to in educational institutions?

1. A.Increased fear and anxiety among cultists
2. B.Increased fear and violence on campus
3. C.Decreased academic performance of all students
4. D.Heightened sense of community and social bonding

Which of these is an effective community response to rising drug abuse?

1. A.Formulation of stricter laws and penalties
2. B.Provision of medical and rehabilitation services
3. C.Awareness campaign and community education
4. D.Limiting social programmes and activities

Human trafficking awareness day takes place globally on

1. A.January 11.
2. B.April 13.
3. C.August 19.
4. D.October 12.

A traditional method of protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is through

1. A.the practice of abstinence
2. B.the use of condom
3. C.Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).
4. D.Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP).

Ensuring the success of youth empowerment progammes is the responsibility of

1. A.government, schools and individuals
2. B.individuals, corporate bodies and government
3. C.corporate organizations and government
4. D.non-profit organizations and individuals

The senate is headed by the

1. A.Deputy Speaker
2. B.Speaker
3. C.Senate President
4. D.Deputy Senate President

How would freedom of the press support democratic values? By

1. A.lobbying government office holders
2. B.supporting biased public opinion
3. C.focusing on propaganda reportage.
4. D.allowing unbiased reporting

Which practice helps leaders remain accountable to their followers?

1. A.Practicing power sharing
2. B.Ensuring proper delegation of power
3. C.Maintaining good intra-communal relations
4. D.Establishing open communication channels

What is the primary objective of community service?

1. A.Enhancement of personal wealth
2. B.Contribution to societal well-being
3. C.Promotion of cultural engagement
4. D.To foster economic growth

To promote efficient service delivery in public institutions, public servants must

1. A.take bribe
2. B.engage in partisan politics
3. C.be late to work
4. D.be prompt to work

Positive values are important in fostering social harmony because they

1. A.guide people to act with respect and empathy
2. B.encourage individuals to pursue their personal goals
3. C.discourage cooperation within the community
4. D.help individuals to develop a sense of personal responsibility

One of the civic responsibilities of citizens is

1. A.voting during elections
2. B.joining cultural groups
3. C.joining town unions
4. D.participating in social gatherings

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was accepted by the General Assembly as a resolution in

1. A.Paris, France
2. B.Berlin, Germany
3. C.New York, The United States of America
4. D.Beijing, China

Constituted authority generally refers to

1. A.legally established leadership
2. B.informal leadership structures
3. C.cultural institutions
4. D.visionary leaders

Which of the following is the most developmentally healthy and effective parenting style?

1. A.Consideration of children's feelings and needs
2. B.Encouraging children to have many friends
3. C.Going on vacation with children
4. D.Having limited knowledge of what the children are doing

How does obeying traffic rules primarily help the society? By

1. A.Improving traffic flow and reducing congestion
2. B.Promoting safety and reducing the risk of accidents
3. C.Enhancing air quality and reducing emissions
4. D.Supporting economic growth and development

The most effective action of government to tackle cultism in the society is

1. A.formulation of policies against engaging in cultism
2. B.establishment of community outreach programmes to engage with cult members
3. C.implementation of policies that address socioeconomic factors contributing to cultism
4. D.collaboration with international organizations to share best practices

What causes financial difficulty for drug addicts?

1. A.Spending excessively to fuel their addiction
2. B.Engaging in legal activities to fund the addiction
3. C.Saving too little for the future
4. D.Spending lavishly on non-essential items

Human trafficking can be explained as the

1. A.possession of individuals by consent and genuinely for their interest
2. B.movement of individuals of a specific age, gender or nationality
3. C.unlawful act of transporting people in order to benefit from their work
4. D.legal movement of a person into or within a country

Which HIV intervention method should be recommended for patients to ensure regular monitoring of their status?

1. A.Consistent use of condoms
2. B.Regular use of PrEP
3. C.Participation in HIV vaccines trials
4. D.Regular checking of HIV status

What should a community do to empower its youth?

1. A.Provide free medical assistance and scholarships
2. B.Establish training programmes and mentoring opportunities
3. C.Organize recreational activities and events
4. D.Offer counselling and therapy sessions

A city wants to build an ultra-modern motor park. Which level (s) of government should it approach for funding?

1. A.Federal
2. B.Federal and State
3. C.State and Local
4. D.Sub-Regional

The most damaging consequence of leaders' failure to protect the interest of their followers in a democracy is

1. A.loss of personal reputation and credibility
2. B.decreased productivity and efficiency
3. C.financial instability and reduced investment
4. D.erosion of trust and legitimacy

A way of supporting a candidate into an elective office is through

1. A.propaganda
2. B.campaign
3. C.gerrymandering
4. D.declaration

The public service exists to

1. A.manufacture goods.
2. B.bring services to people
3. C.maintain the government
4. D.serve as a source of income

Value disorientation, high crime rate, economic sabotage and disregard for life of people are the

1. A.effects of negative behaviour
2. B.acts of negative behaviour
3. C.rates of negative behaviour
4. D.advantages of negative behaviour

One of the seven core freedoms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the freedom of

1. A.conscience
2. B.ownership of property
3. C.expression
4. D.political participation

Constituted authority plays a role in conflict resolution by

1. A.providing a framework for negotiation and mediation
2. B.acting as a third-party in dispute resolution
3. C.establishing issues for conflict resolution
4. D.imposing penalties and sanctions on parties in conflict

Which of the following is a common consequence of cultism?

1. A.Decreased educational opportunities and social mobility
2. B.Increased violence and crime rate
3. C.Disrupted social harmony and community cohesion
4. D.Increased substance abuse

What effective support system can help in maintaining a drug-free society?

1. A.Professional counselling and job placement
2. B.Peer support groups and online forums
3. C.Family support and encouragement
4. D.Professional counselling and peer support groups

Cross-border collaboration is crucial in the fight against human trafficking because it

1. A.enhances national security and border control
2. B.promotes resource sharing and coordination
3. C.supports the exchange of cultural and educational practices
4. D.increases economic cooperation and trade

What is essential to keeping the amount of HIV in a patient's blood (viral load) at a level that cannot be detected?

1. A.Blood tonic
2. B.Herbal remedies
3. C.Antiretroviral therapy
4. D.Antibiotics

Rule of law promotes social order in a democracy so as to

1. A.maintain social hierarchy and promote respect for lawmakers
2. B.support economic growth and development
3. C.provide a framework for conflict resolution and dispute settlement
4. D.ensure accountability to the executive

Leaders promoting inclusivity in decision-making are likely to

1. A.surround themselves with diverse advisors and stakeholders
2. B.take decisions without consulting others
3. C.prioritize majority's opinion and interest
4. D.engage in active listening and consideration of diverse perspectives

What is the effect of inclusive citizens' engagement on governance?

1. A.Decreased diversity and representation
2. B.Reduced transparency and accountability
3. C.Enhanced legitimacy and trust in government
4. D.Increased inequality and social unrest

The perpetual nature of the civil service reflects in its characteristics of

1. A.neutrality
2. B.anonymity
3. C.permanence
4. D.meritocracy

Government should invest in youth empowerment to

1. A.address the needs of adolescents
2. B.secure the future of the country
3. C.promote political stability
4. D.increase government revenue

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) promote good governance by

1. A.advocating for peaceful co-existence
2. B.acting as agents of change
3. C.serving as watchdogs to the electorate
4. D.serving as the voice of the government

Which is true about the dividends of democracy? It

1. A.should be for the benefit of political offices
2. B.is enjoyed by politicians and hardly gets to the masses
3. C.should be directed to the masses from the tiers of government
4. D.will only be enjoyed when the citizens are patient.

Section A: National Ethics, Discipline, Rights and Obligations
(a) Explain honesty.
(b) State six consequences of dishonesty on individuals.

Section A: National Ethics, Discipline, Rights and Obligations
(a) Mention five national symbols.
(b) State five reasons the promotion of unity and integration is an imperative condition for national development.

Section A: National Ethics, Discipline, Rights and Obligations
(a) What is universality of human rights?
(b) With specific examples, explain the four categories of human rights.

Section B: Emerging Issues in the Society
(a) Explain youth empowerment.
(b) Explain six factors that constitute hindrance to achieving the objectives of youth empowerment programmes.

Section B: Emerging Issues in the Society
Explain five reasons victims of human trafficking do not seek help.

Section B: Emerging Issues in the Society
(a) Enumerate five effects of cult-related activities within school environment.
(b) Explain five efforts of government in taming cultism in the Nigerian educational system.

Section C: Governmental System and Processes
(a) Explain judicial independence.
(b) Highlight six ways of ensuring judicial independence in a democratic state.

Section C: Governmental System and Processes
(a) Identify five reasons for the adoption of representative democracy in Nigeria.
(b) Explain five factors that retard the growth of democracy in Nigeria.

Section C: Governmental System and Processes
(a) Mention three reasons leaders failed to protect the interests of their followers.
(b) Explain six ways leaders can take care of the interests of their followers.