Theory question 103
Conservation of Natural Resources(a) Explain briefly the following terms: (i) conservation; (ii) endangered species.
(b) State: (i) five reasons why conservation of forests is important; (ii) four ways by which forest reserves can be conserved.
(c)(i) What is the importance of decomposers in the ecosystem? (ii) Name one plant and one animal decomposer.
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(a)(i) Conservation is the protection, preservation and wise, planned use of natural resources so that they are not wasted or destroyed and remain available for the future.
(ii) Endangered species are species whose numbers have fallen so low (through habitat loss, hunting, pollution etc.) that they are in danger of becoming extinct.
(b)(i) Any five: provide timber and fuel wood; provide food and medicine; habitat for wildlife; prevent soil erosion and protect water catchments; help regulate climate and rainfall; absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen; source of income and tourism; act as windbreaks.
(ii) Any four: afforestation and reafforestation; laws against illegal felling; selective logging; forest reserves guarded by forest guards; prevention of bush burning; public education; use of alternative fuels.
(c)(i) Decomposers break down dead organisms and wastes; they release minerals back into the soil for plants (recycling of nutrients); they clean up the environment and form humus.
(ii) Plant decomposer: a fungus such as mushroom/Rhizopus/Mucor (or bacteria). Animal decomposer: earthworm/millipede/termite/maggot.
Give a clear definition before listing reasons.