Theory question 102
Animal Nutrition(a) Make a diagram 8 – 10cm long to show the relative position of the following organs in the mammalian gut: (i) stomach; (ii) pancreas; (iii) liver; (iv) gall bladder; (v) duodenum and label fully.
(b)(i) List two diseases of the liver. (ii) State five effects of the diseases in 2(b)(i) on the human body.
(c) State the deficiency symptoms of the following vitamins:
(i) vitamin A; (ii) vitamin C; (iii) vitamin K.
Show the model answer
(a) Diagram of correct size, with title, showing oesophagus leading into the stomach; liver above/right of the stomach with the gall bladder beneath it; bile duct joining the duodenum; duodenum as the U-shaped loop after the stomach; pancreas lying in the loop of the duodenum with the pancreatic duct; all organs labelled.
(b)(i) Any two: hepatitis; cirrhosis; liver cancer; jaundice; liver fluke infection.
(ii) Any five: jaundice (yellow skin and eyes); weakness and tiredness; loss of appetite and weight; poor fat digestion (less bile); swelling of the abdomen (fluid build-up); poor blood clotting/bleeding; build-up of poisons in the blood; possible death.
(c)(i) Vitamin A: night blindness, dry skin, xerophthalmia (dry eyes).
(ii) Vitamin C: scurvy — bleeding/swollen gums, slow healing of wounds.
(iii) Vitamin K: slow or failed blood clotting, excessive bleeding.
Draw organs in their true positions; labels must be ruled and not cross.