Theory question 101
Respiration(a) Write the chemical equation for each of the following processes:
(i) aerobic respiration; (ii) anaerobic respiration in plants; (iii) anaerobic respiration in animals.
(b) State four functions which the liver of a patient suffering from cancer of the liver will not be able to perform.
(c) Make a diagram 8 – 10cm long of a flame cell and label fully.
(d) Name one appropriate hormone each responsible for the following conditions in plants:
(i) ripening of fruits; (ii) breaking dormancy in seeds; (iii) weed control; (iv) leaf fall.
Show the model answer
(a)(i) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (38 ATP)
(ii) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + energy (2 ATP)
(iii) C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) + energy (2 ATP)
(b) Any four: regulating blood sugar (glucose ↔ glycogen); deamination of excess amino acids and urea formation; making bile; making plasma proteins (fibrinogen, prothrombin, albumin); detoxifying poisons and drugs; storing iron and vitamins A, D, B12; breaking down old red cells; producing heat.
(c) Diagram of a flame cell of correct size with title, showing: nucleus; cytoplasm; cell body; tuft of cilia (the 'flame'); cavity/lumen; excretory canal/tubule; (hollow cup-shaped cell).
(d)(i) Ethylene (ethene); (ii) gibberellin (or cytokinin); (iii) synthetic auxin, e.g. 2,4-D; (iv) abscisic acid (or ethylene).
Balance the equations and state the products of each type of anaerobic respiration correctly.