Theory question 102
Microorganisms and Health(a) Explain the following terms (i) first aid (ii) artificial respiration (iii) dislocation (iv) haemorrhage
(b) (i) State three objectives of first aid (ii) Explain the procedure for administering the mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration
(c) (i) State three signs of dislocation (ii) Name two ways of stopping bleeding from an open wound.
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(a)(i) First aid: immediate help given to an injured or suddenly ill person before medical help arrives
(ii) Artificial respiration: forcing air into the lungs of a person who has stopped breathing, to restart breathing
(iii) Dislocation: displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint
(iv) Haemorrhage: heavy loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel
(b)(i) To preserve life; to prevent the condition becoming worse; to promote recovery; to relieve pain and reassure the victim
(ii) Lay the person on the back; clear the mouth and airway; tilt the head back and lift the chin; pinch the nose; take a deep breath, seal your mouth over theirs and blow until the chest rises; remove your mouth to let air out; repeat about 12–15 times a minute until breathing returns or help arrives
(c)(i) Any three: pain and swelling at the joint; deformity/abnormal shape; inability to move the joint; bruising; limb shorter or bent
(ii) Any two: direct pressure with a clean pad/dressing; raise the injured part; pressure on the pressure point/artery; tourniquet (only in severe cases); bandage firmly
In (b)(ii) give the steps in order.