53 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.
Which of the following problems does not cause wastage of farm produce?
Answer: A (Use of crude farm tools)
Crude tools limit how much is produced, but wastage comes from poor transport, processing and storage.
Which of the following statements is not a reason for providing tractor-hiring services to farmers? To
Answer: C (increase the cost of production.)
Tractor hiring is meant to lower costs and raise output, not to raise costs.
The land tenure system which involves the outright purchase of land is
Answer: C (freehold.)
Buying land outright gives the buyer freehold ownership.
The diagram below illustrates a farm equipment.
The part of the equipment labelled I is used to
Answer: D (reduce liquid to droplets.)
I is the nozzle at the end of the lance, which breaks the liquid into fine droplets.
Which of the following devices is not a tractor-coupled implement?
Answer: B (Sheller)
A sheller is a stationary machine; ploughs, ridgers and harrows are pulled by tractors.
Which of the following statements is not true of electrical power? It
Answer: C (can perform farm work on its own.)
Electricity needs machines (motors, pumps) to do work; it does nothing on its own.
The survey equipment used for measuring angular distance is
Answer: D (prismatic compass.)
A prismatic compass measures bearings (angles).
The practice of growing arable and forage crops alternately on a piece of land is called
Answer: A (ley farming.)
Ley farming rotates arable crops with grass/legume pasture.
Which of the following groups of raw materials are used in textiles industries?
Answer: B (Cotton, jute and wool)
Cotton, jute and wool are all fibres used for making cloth.
Which of the following is an example of igneous rock?
Answer: A (Basalt)
Basalt forms from cooled lava.
The chemical composition of soil is mostly influenced by
Answer: D (parent material.)
Soil minerals come from the rock it formed from.
The structure of loam could be described as
Answer: C (crumby.)
Loam has a good crumb structure.
Study the diagram below.
The aim of the experiment illustrated in the diagram is to
Answer: B (ascertain water content of soil.)
Heating a soil sample drives off its water, so the weight lost gives the water content.
Study the diagram below.
The purpose of the part labelled I in the experiment is to
Answer: B (allow even evaporation of water.)
I is a stirring rod; stirring lets the water evaporate evenly.
A beneficial effect of bush burning on the soil is the
Answer: C (destruction of weed seeds.)
Fire kills weed seeds; the other effects are harmful.
Which of the following practices does not replenish lost soil nutrients?
Answer: D (Bush burning)
Burning destroys organic matter and nitrogen.
The use of inorganic fertilizer is preferable to organic manure because inorganic fertilizer
Answer: B (releases nutrients to the soil faster.)
Inorganic fertilizers dissolve quickly and give nutrients at once.
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of underground drainage? It
Answer: A (allows for free movement of farm machinery.)
Buried drains leave no open ditches, so machines move freely.
Which of the following crops is usually classified as a vegetable?
Answer: A (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Lycopersicon esculentum is tomato, a vegetable.
A groundnut variety produces a steady seed yield of 350 kg per hectare. What will be the yield of the variety on a 10-hectare farm?
Answer: C (3,500 kg)
Yield = 350 kg/ha × 10 ha = 3,500 kg.
Thinning is a farm operation in which
Answer: B (the number of seedlings per stand is reduced to one or two.)
Thinning removes extra seedlings; replanting gaps is supplying.
Which of the following plants is not a pasture grass?
Answer: C (Stylosanthes gracilis)
Stylosanthes is a legume, not a grass.
One advantage of cross breeding is that the
Answer: C (offspring perform better than the average of the parents.)
Hybrid vigour makes crossbred offspring better than the parents' average.
Assuming that brown colour is dominant over black colour in cowpea. What percentage of the F1 generation will have brown colour, if a homozygous brown cowpea is crossed with a homozygous black cowpea?
Answer: A (100%)
BB × bb gives all Bb, which are brown, so 100%.
Ornamental plants are commonly used for the following purposes except
Answer: D (as bedding materials for animals.)
Ornamentals are for beauty, scent and shade, not animal bedding.
Hibiscus and Croton are examples of
Answer: B (hedge plants.)
Hibiscus and croton are shrubs grown as hedges.
An effective method of preventing viral diseases in crops is by
Answer: D (planting resistant varieties.)
Viruses can't be killed with chemicals; resistant varieties prevent the disease.
A groundnut plant showing stunted growth with, yellow or mottled leaves is likely to be infected with
Answer: C (rosette.)
Groundnut rosette causes stunted, bushy plants with yellow, mottled leaves.
The diagram below illustrates a crop pest.
The pest illustrated is a
Answer: B (chewing insect pest.)
The pest on the maize cob feeds by biting and chewing the grains.
The diagram below illustrates a crop pest.
A cultural method used in controlling the pest illustrated is
Answer: D (early planting.)
Cultural control changes farm practice, such as planting early to escape the pest.
The diagram below illustrates the digestive tract of a farm animal.
Deamination is a function of the part labelled
Answer: D (IV.)
The liver (IV) removes the amino group from excess amino acids.
Study the diagram below.
Fertilization takes place in the part labelled
Answer: A (I.)
I is the infundibulum, where the ovum is fertilised.
Study the diagram below.
Chalaza is formed in the part labelled
Answer: D (IV.)
IV is the magnum, where albumen and chalazae are laid down.
A farmer observed that all his day-old chicks clustered around the source of heat in a brooder house. This observation is likely due to
Answer: D (low temperature.)
Chicks huddle round the heater when the brooder is too cold.
Which of the following practices ensures that a young animal has resistance against diseases?
Answer: D (Giving the animal access to colostrum)
Colostrum carries antibodies that protect the newborn.
Study the diagram below.
The animal by-product illustrated may be prepared and fed to farm animals as a source of
Answer: C (calcium.)
The bones are made into bone meal, rich in calcium and phosphorus.
Study the diagram below.
The animal by-product illustrated is not used in making
Answer: D (leather.)
Leather comes from hides and skins, not bones.
Vitamin K deficiency in farm animals causes
Answer: C (delayed blood clothing.)
Vitamin K is needed for blood clotting.
Which of the following methods is not used in collecting semen for artificial insemination?
Answer: C (Herd mating of the animals)
Herd mating is natural mating, not semen collection.
Complete eradication of tsetse flies will be an effective control measure for
Answer: B (trypanosomiasis.)
Tsetse flies carry trypanosomes.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
Answer: C (Rinderpest)
Rinderpest is viral; brucellosis and TB are bacterial and trypanosomiasis is protozoan.
Bees are regarded as friends of the farmer because they
Answer: C (help in pollination.)
Bees pollinate crops as they collect nectar.
Use the demand schedule below.
Price (N) 12 — Quantity Demanded 200 kg
Price (N) 8 — Quantity Demanded 240 kg
What is the percentage change in quantity demanded?
Answer: B (20.00%)
(240 − 200) ÷ 200 × 100 = 20%.
Use the demand schedule below.
Price (N) 12 — Quantity Demanded 200 kg
Price (N) 8 — Quantity Demanded 240 kg
What is the percentage change in price?
Answer: A (33.33%)
(12 − 8) ÷ 12 × 100 = 33.33%.
Use the demand schedule below.
Price (N) 12 — Quantity Demanded 200 kg
Price (N) 8 — Quantity Demanded 240 kg
What is the price elasticity of demand of the commodity?
Answer: D (0.6)
Elasticity = % change in quantity ÷ % change in price = 20 ÷ 33.33 = 0.6.
Which of the following farm documents is usually prepared at the end of the year?
Answer: D (Profit and loss account)
The profit and loss account sums up the year's income and expenses.
Which of the following agricultural extension methods is aimed at reaching an individual farmer at a particular time?
Answer: B (Farm visit)
A farm visit is an individual method.
(a) Explain four ways in which each of the following factors hinders agricultural development in West Africa: (i) Basic amenities; (ii) Farm input.
(b) State three uses each of the following farm machinery: (i) Tractor; (ii) Bulldozer.
(c) State four daily maintenance practices carried out on a tractor.
(a)(i) Basic amenities (any four): bad rural roads make evacuation of produce hard and costly; no electricity for processing and storage; no pipe-borne water or health care, so farmers are less productive; lack of schools and recreation drives youths to towns, reducing farm labour.
(ii) Farm inputs (any four): high cost/scarcity of fertilizers and agrochemicals lowers yields; few improved seeds and breeds; lack of machines forces use of crude tools; costly feeds and drugs for animals; inputs arrive late.
(b)(i) Tractor (any three): pulls ploughs, harrows and ridgers; drives machines through the PTO (sprayers, mowers, shellers); transports produce with a trailer; pumps water.
(ii) Bulldozer (any three): clears bush and fells trees; removes stumps; levels land; constructs farm roads, dams and ponds.
(c) Any four: check engine oil level; check radiator water; check tyre pressure; check fuel level; check battery water; grease moving parts; clean air cleaner; wash the tractor after use; check for leaks/loose bolts.
Four ways for each factor in (a).
(a) State four functions of soil water to crops.
(b) Outline five factors that could cause low soil pH.
(c) Explain the life cycle of liver fluke.
(a) Any four: dissolves nutrients and carries them into roots; needed for photosynthesis; keeps cells turgid; cools the plant through transpiration; needed for germination; helps weathering/microbial activity.
(b) Any five: leaching of bases (Ca, Mg) by heavy rain; continuous use of acid-forming fertilizers (e.g. sulphate of ammonia); acidic parent rock; decomposition of organic matter (organic acids); removal of bases by crops; waterlogging; acid rain.
(c) Adult fluke lives in the bile ducts of the liver of sheep/cattle and lays eggs; eggs pass out with faeces; in water they hatch into miracidia; miracidia enter a water snail (Limnaea), where they multiply (sporocyst → redia → cercaria); cercariae leave the snail and encyst on grass as metacercariae; the animal eats the grass; young flukes bore through the gut wall to the liver and grow into adults.
Mention the snail as intermediate host.
(a) Discuss the cultivation of cassava under the following headings: (i) Soil requirements. (ii) Land preparation. (iii) Propagation. (iv) Spacing. (v) Weed control. (vi) Fertilizer requirement. (vii) Harvesting. (viii) Storage.
(b) Complete the table below on diseases of farm animals: for Coccidiosis and Rinderpest, give the causal organism, farm animal affected, symptom and control.
(a)(i) Deep, loose, well-drained loamy/sandy-loam soil.
(ii) Clear the bush, plough or make mounds/ridges.
(iii) Stem cuttings 20–30 cm long with several nodes, planted slanting or vertically.
(iv) About 1 m × 1 m.
(v) Hand weeding/hoeing 2–3 times, or pre-emergence herbicides; cover crops.
(vi) NPK (e.g. 15:15:15) or organic manure; potassium is important for tuber formation.
(vii) 6–18 months after planting by uprooting/lifting the tubers with a cutlass or hoe.
(viii) Leave in the ground until needed; process into garri, flour or chips; or keep peeled tubers in cold storage.
(b) Coccidiosis: causal organism – protozoan (Eimeria spp.); animals – poultry, rabbits (also sheep, goats); symptoms – bloody diarrhoea, droopiness, ruffled feathers, emaciation; control – coccidiostats in feed/water, dry clean litter, hygiene.
Rinderpest: causal organism – virus; animals – cattle, sheep, goats; symptoms – high fever, eye and nose discharge, mouth sores, bloody diarrhoea, high mortality; control – vaccination, quarantine, slaughter and burn infected animals.
One clear point per heading for cassava.
(a) Explain the term land tenure system.
(b) Define the term weed.
(c) Discuss groundnut rosette diseases under the following headings: (i) causal organism; (ii) mode of transmission; (iii) two symptoms; (iv) two control measures.
(d) State four characteristics of each of the following factors of production (i) land; (ii) capital.
(a) Land tenure system is the way land is owned, acquired, used and transferred by individuals, families, communities or government.
(b) A weed is any plant growing where it is not wanted (out of place).
(c)(i) A virus (groundnut rosette virus).
(ii) Spread by aphids (Aphis craccivora).
(iii) Any two: stunted, bushy plants; small, crinkled, yellow or mottled leaves; few or no pods.
(iv) Any two: resistant varieties; early and close planting; control aphids with insecticides; uproot and burn infected plants; crop rotation.
(d)(i) Land (any four): a free gift of nature; fixed in supply; immobile; varies in fertility and location; subject to diminishing returns; its reward is rent.
(ii) Capital (any four): man-made; depreciates with use; mobile; can be increased by saving; its reward is interest; its supply depends on savings.
Name the aphid vector for the rosette virus.
(a) Explain the term colostrum.
(b) Draw and label structure of a chicken egg.
(c) Study and complete the table below which illustrates the law of diminishing returns. (Fixed factor: 2 ha of land in every row. Fertilizer 1 to 8 units give total products of 1, 4, 15, iv, v, 48, 49, 49 kg; the marginal products are i, ii, iii, 13, 12, vi, vii, viii kg.)
(a) Colostrum is the first thick, yellowish milk produced by a mammal for a few days after giving birth; it is rich in antibodies, protein and vitamins and is a laxative.
(b) Labelled diagram showing: shell; outer and inner shell membranes; air space (blunt end); thin and thick albumen; chalazae; yolk; vitelline membrane; germinal disc (blastoderm).
(c) Marginal product = change in total product: (i) 1 kg; (ii) 4 − 1 = 3 kg; (iii) 15 − 4 = 11 kg; (iv) total = 15 + 13 = 28 kg; (v) total = 28 + 12 = 40 kg; (vi) 48 − 40 = 8 kg; (vii) 49 − 48 = 1 kg; (viii) 49 − 49 = 0 kg.
Marginal product = present total product − previous total product.
(a) State four management practices carried out in production.
(b) Give four advantages of dehorning in cattle production.
(c) Mention five marketing services in agricultural production.
(d) Outline five problems of agricultural marketing in West Africa.
(a) Any four: feeding; housing; disease and parasite control; breeding/mating; record keeping; weeding/fertilizer application (crops); identification; culling.
(b) Any four: prevents injury to other animals and handlers; animals are easier to handle; less space needed in pens and transport; reduces damage to hides; reduces bullying at feeding troughs; animals are calmer.
(c) Any five: assembling; grading and standardisation; processing; storage; transportation; packaging; financing; advertising; distribution/selling; risk bearing.
(d) Any five: poor roads and transport; inadequate storage and processing facilities; perishability of produce; price fluctuations; activities of middlemen; lack of market information; poor grading/standards; small scattered output; inadequate credit.
List services as single words or phrases.