Theory question 105
Livestock Management(a) Discuss anthrax disease under the following headings: (i) causal organism; (ii) mode of transmission; (iii) two symptoms; (iv) two prevention and control measures.
(b)(i) List four sources of plant protein in livestock feeds. (ii) Give three examples of forage legumes that could be found in rangelands in West Africa.
(c) Mention five characteristics of labour as a factor of agricultural production.
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(a)(i) A bacterium, Bacillus anthracis.
(ii) Spores taken in with contaminated feed, water or pasture; contact with infected carcasses, hides or wounds; inhaling spores.
(iii) Any two: sudden death; high fever; bleeding (dark, unclotted blood) from natural openings; swellings on neck and body; difficult breathing; carcass does not stiffen.
(iv) Any two: annual vaccination; do not open carcasses – burn or bury them deep with lime; quarantine and isolation; disinfect premises; treat early cases with antibiotics.
(b)(i) Any four: groundnut cake; soyabean meal; cotton seed cake; palm kernel cake; cowpea/beans; leaf meal (Leucaena); brewer's dried grains.
(ii) Any three: Centrosema pubescens; Stylosanthes gracilis; Calopogonium mucunoides; Pueraria phaseoloides; Leucaena leucocephala; Gliricidia sepium.
(c) Any five: labour is human effort (physical and mental); it is mobile; it cannot be stored; it is supplied by people who need wages; its efficiency varies with skill, health and training; it is perishable; supply depends on population; it can be skilled or unskilled; the reward is wages/salary.
Give the scientific name of the bacterium.