Theory question 102
Farm Machinery and Mechanisation(a) Explain the following terms: (i) primary tillage implement; (ii) secondary tillage implement.
(b)(i) State three reasons why disc ploughs are better suited for soils in West Africa than the mouldboard ploughs. (ii) List six major parts of a disc plough.
(c) Give three reasons why secondary tillage is necessary before sowing of seeds
(d) State three precautions a farmer should take when spraying chemicals.
Show the model answer
(a)(i) Implement used for the first, deep breaking and turning of the soil after clearing, e.g. plough
(ii) Implement used after ploughing to break clods into a fine tilth and shape the seedbed, e.g. harrow, ridger, cultivator
(b)(i) Any three: rolls over stumps, roots and stones without breaking; works in hard, dry and sticky soils; cuts deeper; less clogging (scraper); less draught/needs less pull
(ii) Any six: discs; frame/beam; scrapers; furrow (rear) wheel; hitch/three-point linkage; disc bearings/hubs; axle; levelling lever/adjusting handle
(c) Any three: breaks clods into fine tilth for good seed–soil contact; levels the soil; makes ridges/beds for planting; controls weeds; improves aeration and water intake
(d) Any three: wear protective clothing, gloves, mask and boots; spray with the wind, not against it; do not eat, drink or smoke while spraying; follow the manufacturer's instructions on dose; do not blow blocked nozzles with the mouth; avoid spraying near water bodies; wash body and equipment afterwards
Define each term with an example.