Theory question 106
Pre-colonial Political SystemsSection B: Political and Constitutional Development in West Africa and International Relations
How did the traditional rulers in the pre-colonial days control their subjects?
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Through councils of chiefs and title holders who helped in administration.
Use of religion and belief in the ruler's divine or sacred nature (e.g. Oba, Emir as religious leader).
Courts and customary/Islamic law: punishing offenders.
Control of land, which they held in trust for the people.
Collection of tributes and taxes.
Use of the army or palace guards.
Age grades and secret societies to enforce decisions.
Appointment of district and village heads/chiefs loyal to them.
Oracles and taboos in acephalous societies.
Rewards (titles) for loyalty and punishments (banishment) for disobedience.
Give examples from Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo systems.