Theory question 106
Pre-colonial Political SystemsSection B (answer two questions from this section)
Identify the various ways by which the traditional rulers controlled their subjects in pre-colonial West Africa
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Religious authority: rulers were seen as sacred or representatives of the gods/ancestors (e.g. Alaafin, Oba)
Control of land: the ruler held land in trust and allocated it
Making laws and settling disputes through traditional courts; punishment of offenders
Use of armies, palace guards and messengers
Appointment of chiefs, title holders and officials loyal to the ruler (e.g. Emir appointing district heads)
Taxation and tribute (e.g. jangali, zakat, kudin kasa)
Secret societies and age grades enforcing rules (e.g. Ogboni, Ekpe)
Use of customs, taboos and oaths
Give examples from named societies (Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo, Ashanti).