Theory question 103
Respiration(a) (i) What is respiration? (ii) Name two types of respiration.
(iii) Write in words the equation representing the type of respiration that occurs in the muscle during strenuous exercise.
(b) (i) Make a large labelled diagram 8 cm to 10 cm long of the human respiratory system to show the internal structures. (ii) Name two diseases that can affect the above mentioned system.
(c) Mention the structures used for gaseous exchange in the following organisms:
(i) Amoeba; (ii) Cockroach; (iii) White mangrove; (iv) Hibiscus
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(a)(i) Respiration is the breakdown of food (e.g. glucose) in living cells, with or without oxygen, to release energy, with carbon dioxide and water (or other products) given off.
(ii) Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
(iii) Glucose → lactic acid + (a little) energy.
(b)(i) Diagram labelled: nasal cavity/nostrils, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea with cartilage rings, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (air sacs), lungs, pleural membranes, ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm.
(ii) Any two: tuberculosis; pneumonia; bronchitis; asthma; whooping cough; lung cancer; common cold/influenza.
(c)(i) Amoeba: the cell (plasma) membrane/whole body surface.
(ii) Cockroach: tracheae (tracheal system opening by spiracles).
(iii) White mangrove: pneumatophores (breathing roots) with lenticels.
(iv) Hibiscus: stomata (in the leaves) and lenticels (in the stem).
In (a)(iii) the muscle during hard exercise respires anaerobically, so the product is lactic acid.