45 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.
In a bull, spermatozoa is stored in the
Answer: C (epididymis.)
Sperm made in the testis mature and are stored in the epididymis.
The main function of the gizzard is
Answer: C (feed grinding.)
The muscular gizzard grinds feed with the help of grit.
A livestock disease in which blood oozes out of natural openings is
Answer: B (anthrax.)
Anthrax causes sudden death with dark blood from the nose, mouth and anus.
Flushing is carried out in ewe to
Answer: C (stimulate multiple birth.)
Extra feeding before mating makes the ewe release more eggs, giving twins or triplets.
The factor which does not affect the incubation of egg is
Answer: D (sunlight.)
Incubation needs the right temperature, humidity, ventilation and turning; sunlight is not needed.
Which of the following factors affect the location of a poultry house? I. Topography II. Soil type III. Accessibility
Answer: D (I, II and III)
A poultry house needs well-drained level land, firm soil and easy access for feed and marketing.
Ticks could be controlled by
Answer: A (dipping.)
Dipping in acaricide kills ticks.
The diagram below illustrates a management practice in poultry production.
The part labelled I is the
Answer: A (hoover.)
I is the canopy over the heat source that keeps warmth near the chicks: the hover.
The diagram below illustrates a management practice in poultry production.
Which of the following equipment cannot perform similar function as the part labelled II?
Answer: C (Thermometer.)
II is the heat source; a thermometer only measures temperature and gives no heat.
Semen for artificial insemination could be stored in
Answer: C (liquid nitrogen.)
Semen is frozen and kept in liquid nitrogen at −196 °C.
If a tall breed of sheep with genotypeTT is crossed with a short breed with genotype tt, the genotype of the offspring will be
Answer: D (100% Tt.)
Every offspring gets T from one parent and t from the other, so all are Tt.
If a farmer mated two breeds of cattle for a livestock improvement program, the farmer is said to practice
Answer: A (cross breeding.)
Mating two different breeds is crossbreeding.
To reduce constipation in a rabbit, it should be fed a diet which is rich in
Answer: C (roughages.)
Fibre in roughage keeps food moving through the gut.
Water deficiency in layers could lead to
Answer: C (decrease in egg production.)
An egg is mostly water, so layers short of water lay fewer eggs (and eat less).
The diagram below illustrates the egg production pattern of layers.
In what month is it advisable for the farmer to terminate production?
Answer: D (7 months)
Production peaks in month 6 and falls in month 7, so the farmer should end the flock then rather than keep feeding declining layers.
Farm animals are quarantined to ensure that they are disease
Answer: A (free.)
Quarantine keeps new animals apart until it is clear they carry no disease.
Which of the following statements is not an advantage of pasture rotation? It
Answer: C (facilitates the breeding of animals.)
Rotational grazing helps the pasture and animal health; it has nothing to do with breeding.
At 12 weeks, birds raised for egg production are fed with
Answer: D (grower mash.)
Pullets get chick/starter mash to about 8 weeks and grower mash from about 8 to 18 weeks.
Which of the following activities would help to achieve early market weight of a calf? I. Placing it on a special diet II. Restricting its movement III. Regular vaccination
Answer: A (I and II only)
A rich diet and limited movement (less energy used) make the calf gain weight faster.
Enzymatic digestion of feed in turkey takes place in the
Answer: D (duodenum.)
Most enzyme digestion in birds happens in the duodenum, where pancreatic juice and bile act on the food.
An example of a water soluble vitamin is
Answer: B (vitamin C)
Vitamins B and C are water-soluble; A, D, E and K dissolve in fat.
A group of poultry is fed 0.8 kg of feed per week. Determine the cost of feeding the birds for the next 6 weeks if 1 kg feed costs ₦ 4.00.
Answer: D (₦ 19.20)
Feed for 6 weeks = 0.8 × 6 = 4.8 kg; cost = 4.8 × ₦4.00 = ₦19.20.
The diagram below illustrates the head of a bull.
The part labelled W is used for I. thermoregulation. II. defense III. protection.
Answer: D (I, II and III)
W is the horn; horns help lose heat (they have a blood supply) and are used to defend and protect the animal.
The diagram below illustrates the head of a bull.
Which of the following products may not be manufactured from the part labelled W?
Answer: A (Shoe.)
Horn is used for combs, glue and horn meal fertilizer; shoes are made from leather.
The organ which carries air from the nostrils to the lungs of farm animals is
Answer: A (trachea.)
The trachea (windpipe) carries air to the lungs.
Pests of farm animals should be controlled because they I. Consume feed. II. Transmit disease. III. Cause irritation.
Answer: D (I, II and III)
Pests such as rats eat feed, flies and ticks carry diseases, and biting pests irritate animals.
The act of mating in poultry is termed
Answer: D (treading.)
Mating in poultry is called treading.
Plants cultivate for their vegetative parts which are used in feeding livestock are called
Answer: B (forage crops.)
Forage crops are grown for their leaves and stems to feed animals.
An advantage of incorporating legumes into rangelands does not include increase in
Answer: D (atmospheric nitrogen.)
Legumes take nitrogen out of the air and fix it in the soil, so they do not increase atmospheric nitrogen.
The diagram below illustrates a disease symptom in poultry.
The disease illustrated is
Answer: B (Fowl pox.)
Wart-like scabs on the comb and wattle are the sign of fowl pox.
The diagram below illustrates a disease symptom in poultry.
The disease illustrated is caused by a
Answer: C (virus.)
Fowl pox is a viral disease.
The diagram below illustrates a disease symptom in poultry.
The disease illustrated is best prevented by
Answer: C (vaccination.)
Fowl pox is prevented by vaccinating (wing-web) the birds.
If an animal is to be given 20 ml of a drug per week, how many weeks will it take the animal to complete a 120 ml of the drug?
Answer: C (6 weeks)
120 ÷ 20 = 6 weeks.
The diagram below illustrates a method of identification on a cow.
The diagram illustrates ear
Answer: D (tagging.)
A tag is fixed through the ear.
The diagram below illustrates a method of identification on a cow.
A disadvantage of applying the method illustrated is that,
Answer: A (The tags may be lost.)
Ear tags can be torn out and lost when animals rub against fences or bushes.
Methods of semen collection in farm animals involve the use of I. dummy. II. elastrator. III. artificial vagina.
Answer: B (I and III only.)
Semen is collected using a dummy (teaser) and an artificial vagina; the elastrator is for castration.
A disadvantage of a mixture of grass and legumes on a pasture is that
Answer: C (weeding of pasture might be difficult.)
With mixed grasses and legumes it is hard to use selective herbicides or weed without harming one of the crops.
Which of the following practices will mostly ensure the availability of fresh grasses all-year-round on a pasture?
Answer: A (Irrigation.)
Irrigation supplies water in the dry season so grass keeps growing all year.
The chamber of a ruminant stomach with multiple folding appearance is called
Answer: B (omasum.)
The omasum has many leaf-like folds (the 'manyplies').
(a) State four differences between the digestive systems of cattle and poultry. (b) Mention four ways of reducing worm infestation in farm animals. (c) Explain three methods that could be used to improve local breeds of farm animals in West Africa. (d) State three benefits of carrying out each of the following management practices in animal production: (i) creep feeding; (ii) dehorning.
(a) Any four (cattle vs poultry): teeth with dental pad vs beak without teeth; four-chambered stomach vs proventriculus and gizzard; no crop vs crop; ruminate vs do not ruminate; microbial fibre digestion in rumen vs little fibre digestion; one caecum vs two caeca; ends in anus vs cloaca
(b) Any four: regular deworming; rotational grazing; good sanitation/removing dung; avoid grazing wet, swampy land; clean feed and water; control intermediate hosts (snails); avoid overcrowding; quarantine new animals
(c) Any three, each explained: selection – keep the best local animals for breeding and cull poor ones; introduction – bring in improved exotic breeds; crossbreeding – mate local with exotic breeds for hybrid vigour; artificial insemination – use semen from superior bulls; better feeding and health care so animals reach their potential
(d)(i) Creep feeding, any three: faster growth of the young; prepares young for weaning/solid feed; reduces strain on the mother; heavier weaning weight; reduces mortality
(ii) Dehorning, any three: prevents injury to other animals and handlers; animals easier to handle; less space needed in pens, troughs and transport; reduces bruising of carcass and damage to hides
Compare the same feature for each animal in (a).
(a) Give six benefits of good housing in the production of farm animals. (b) Give four reasons why goats of different ages should be housed separately. (c) State five activities that should be carried out in a brooder house before receiving a new batch of chicks. (d) Name one farm animal from which each of the following products could be obtained: (i) pelt; (ii) bristle; (iii) mohair; (iv) veal; (v) lard;
(a) Any six: protection from bad weather; protection from thieves and predators; easier feeding and management; disease control; separation by age, sex or purpose; easier record keeping; easier collection of manure, eggs or milk; better productivity; prevents damage to crops
(b) Any four: prevents bullying and injury of young by older goats; allows feeding according to age; prevents spread of disease to the young; prevents unwanted/early mating; makes management and records easier; young get fair access to feed and water
(c) Any five: clean and wash the house; disinfect/fumigate; repair the house; spread fresh dry litter; set up and test heat source (pre-heat the brooder); arrange clean feeders and drinkers; place a brooder guard; put a footbath at the entrance; get feed, water and drugs ready
(d)(i) Pelt: rabbit (or sheep, goat) (ii) Bristle: pig (iii) Mohair: Angora goat (iv) Veal: calf (cattle) (v) Lard: pig
One animal per product in (d).
(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal breeding; (i) breed; (ii) genotype; (iii) hybrid. (b) Give four disadvantages of inbreeding in farm animals (c) Give two examples of lifestock feedstuff under each of the following categories: (i) plant protein sources; (ii) animal protein sources; (iii) fibre sources. (d) Mention four factors which hinder the adoption of artificial insemination in West Africa.
(a)(i) Breed: a group of animals of the same species with similar characteristics that pass these on to their offspring
(ii) Genotype: the genetic make-up of an animal for a trait, e.g. TT, Tt, tt
(iii) Hybrid: the offspring of parents of different breeds or genetic types
(b) Any four: reduced vigour (inbreeding depression); lower fertility; slower growth; more harmful recessive defects; lower disease resistance; higher death rate of young
(c)(i) Plant protein, any two: groundnut cake; soya bean meal; cottonseed cake; palm kernel cake
(ii) Animal protein, any two: fish meal; blood meal; meat and bone meal; feather meal
(iii) Fibre, any two: wheat offal; rice bran; maize bran; hay; corn cob; brewers' dried grain
(d) Any four: lack of trained inseminators; high cost of equipment and liquid nitrogen; poor storage facilities and electricity; poor heat detection; extensive/nomadic herding; illiteracy and beliefs of farmers; poor roads to reach farms; few AI centres
Short definitions with an example.
(a) (i) Mention five ways by which keeping of honey bee is important. (ii) State four equipment used in bee keeping. (b) A rabbit weighing 200g after feeding on 500g concentrate over a period of time gained 80g. Calculate the: (i) feed conversion ratio of the rabbit; (ii) new weight of the rabbit; (c) Mention three fodder crops which could be fed to rabbits. (d) Give three advantages of cross breeding in cattle production.
(a)(i) Any five: honey for food and medicine; beeswax; propolis and royal jelly; pollination of crops; income and employment; foreign exchange; needs little land
(ii) Any four: hive (Kenya top-bar/Langstroth); smoker; veil/protective suit; gloves; hive tool; bee brush; honey extractor; queen excluder
(b)(i) FCR = feed eaten ÷ weight gain = 500 g ÷ 80 g = 6.25 (6.25 : 1)
(ii) New weight = 200 g + 80 g = 280 g
(c) Any three: Tridax procumbens; Centrosema; Pueraria; elephant grass; Guinea grass; Stylosanthes; Leucaena; Gliricidia; sweet potato vines; Aspilia
(d) Any three: hybrid vigour (faster growth, higher yield); combines good traits of both breeds (e.g. adaptation of local with yield of exotic); better fertility; better disease resistance; quick improvement
Show the working in (b).
(a) State five benefits of feed additives in poultry diets. (b) State five importance of middlemen in marketing of eggs. (c) Name the causative agent and one animal that could be affected by each of the following farm animal diseases; (i) Anthrax; (ii) Coccidiosis; (iii) Aspergillosis. (d) State four factors associated with variation in sexual maturity within the same species of animals.
(a) Any five: faster growth; better feed conversion; prevent diseases (antibiotics, coccidiostats); improve egg yolk colour; preserve feed (antioxidants, mould inhibitors); improve palatability; supply vitamins and minerals
(b) Any five: buy eggs from farmers in bulk; store eggs; transport eggs to markets; grade and package eggs; break bulk for retailers; give credit/finance to farmers; carry market information; bear risks such as breakage
(c)(i) Anthrax: bacterium Bacillus anthracis; cattle (also sheep, goats)
(ii) Coccidiosis: protozoan Eimeria spp.; poultry (also rabbits, calves)
(iii) Aspergillosis: fungus Aspergillus fumigatus; poultry (chicks)
(d) Any four: breed; nutrition/level of feeding; sex; health/disease; climate and season (day length); management/housing; body weight
Give both the agent and an animal for each disease.
(a) Explain why each of the following factors should be considered in formulating feed for farm animals: (i) physiological status; (ii) age; (iii) nutrient composition of feedstuff. (b) Mention five activities that are involved in the processing of farm animals. (c) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal production: (i) selection; (ii) pasture; (iii) artificial insemination. (d) Mention three products that could be obtained from rabbit production.
(a)(i) Physiological status: pregnant, lactating, laying or sick animals need extra or special nutrients
(ii) Age: young animals need more protein and easily digested feed for growth; adults need mainly maintenance feed
(iii) Nutrient composition: tells how much of each ingredient to include to meet the animal's needs and avoid shortages or excess
(b) Any five: ante-mortem inspection; stunning; slaughtering/bleeding; scalding/skinning/dehairing; defeathering; evisceration; washing; post-mortem inspection; cutting into parts; packaging and chilling/preservation
(c)(i) Selection: choosing the best animals to be parents of the next generation and culling the poor ones
(ii) Pasture: land with grasses and/or legumes used for grazing livestock
(iii) Artificial insemination: placing semen collected from a male into the reproductive tract of a female by hand, without mating
(d) Any three: meat; fur/pelt; manure; skin/leather; laboratory animals for research
One reason for each factor in (a).