43 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.
Farm animals with four-chambered stomach are referred to as
Answer: A (ruminants)
Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) have a rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by tick?
Answer: A (Babesiosis)
Babesiosis (redwater) is caused by a blood protozoan passed on by ticks.
Which of the following feed ingredients contains the highest amount of protein?
Answer: D (Fish meal)
Fish meal has about 55–65% crude protein, more than groundnut cake (about 45%).
The causative organism of contagious abortion in cattle is called
Answer: A (Brucella abortus)
Contagious abortion (brucellosis) in cattle is caused by Brucella abortus.
In ruminants, volatile fatty acids are produced in the
Answer: A (rumen.)
Rumen microbes ferment fibre into volatile fatty acids, the ruminant's main energy source.
Natural immunity in young farm animals could be acquired from
Answer: B (colostrum.)
Colostrum (first milk) carries the mother's antibodies to the newborn.
The pie chart below illustrates the record of sales of a livestock farmer.
What is the percentage contribution of dairy products?
Answer: D (52%)
Dairy products are cheese 25% + butter 20% + whey 7% = 52%.
The pie chart below illustrates the record of sales of a livestock farmer.
If the total income of the farmer is ₦11,544,200.00, calculate the income for dairy products.
Answer: D (₦ 6,002,984.00)
52% of ₦11,544,200 = 0.52 × 11,544,200 = ₦6,002,984.
In apiculture, honey production is carried out by the
Answer: B (worker)
Worker bees gather nectar and make honey; the queen only lays eggs.
The diagram below illustrates a method of grazing control.
The illustrated method is
Answer: D (tethering.)
The goat is tied to a post with a rope: tethering.
The diagram below illustrates a method of grazing control.
The management practice is mainly done to prevent the animal from
Answer: D (destroying crops.)
Tethering keeps the animal in one spot so it cannot wander into and damage crops.
Use this information to answer the question.
Guinea grass was planted on a 40 m × 100 m land with a spacing of 0.5 m × 0.75 m.
Determine the population of the Guinea grass.
Answer: D (10,666)
Area = 40 × 100 = 4,000 m²; space per plant = 0.5 × 0.75 = 0.375 m²; 4,000 ÷ 0.375 ≈ 10,666 plants.
Use this information to answer the question.
Guinea grass was planted on a 40 m × 100 m land with a spacing of 0.5 m × 0.75 m.
If the percentage germination of Guinea grass is 80%, determine the plant population.
Answer: D (8,533)
80% of 10,666 = 0.8 × 10,666 ≈ 8,533 plants.
A secondary reason for keeping dairy cow is for
Answer: D (breeding purposes.)
A dairy cow is kept mainly for milk; producing calves (breeding) is a secondary purpose.
Vaccination provides immunity against a disease because it stimulates the body to produce
Answer: A (antibodies.)
A vaccine contains antigens that make the body produce antibodies.
Which of the following livestock parasites possesses a rostellum?
Answer: B (Tapeworm)
The rostellum is the hooked tip of the tapeworm's scolex.
The flow chart below illustrates the process of egg formation in hen.
The parts labelled II and IV respectively are known as
Answer: B (magnum and vagina.)
The order is ovary → infundibulum (I) → magnum (II) → isthmus → uterus (III) → vagina (IV).
The flow chart below illustrates the process of egg formation in hen.
Which of the labelled parts of the flow chart is the shell gland located?
Answer: C (III)
After the isthmus comes the uterus (shell gland), labelled III.
The flow chart below illustrates the process of egg formation in hen.
The chalaza is formed in the part labelled
Answer: B (II)
The magnum (II) adds the albumen, including the twisted chalazae that hold the yolk in place.
Which of the following factors determine the degree of resistance to diseases in farm animals? I. Age of the animal II. Nutrition III. Body structure
Answer: A (I and II only)
Very young and old animals and poorly fed animals resist disease less well.
Magnesium deficiency in lactating cattle could cause
Answer: B (grass tetany.)
Grass tetany is caused by low blood magnesium; milk fever is low calcium.
The disease that mainly affects the lungs of farm animals is
Answer: A (tuberculosis.)
Tuberculosis mainly causes lesions in the lungs.
The main function of the endocrine system is to
Answer: B (regulate the activities of other systems.)
Endocrine glands release hormones that control and coordinate the body's systems.
Ruminants do not show deficiency symptoms of vitamin B because
Answer: A (bacteria in their rumen synthesizes vitamin B.)
Rumen microbes make all the B vitamins the animal needs.
Which of the following feeds is highly digestible?
Answer: A (Soya bean meal)
Soya bean meal is a low-fibre concentrate, so it is highly digestible; the others are fibrous roughages.
The diagram below illustrates a tool used in livestock management.
The name of the tool illustrated is
Answer: B (emasculator.)
The long-handled crushing pliers shown is an emasculator (burdizzo).
The diagram below illustrates a tool used in livestock management.
The tool is used to
Answer: D (castrate animals.)
An emasculator crushes the spermatic cords to castrate without cutting the skin.
The type of animal identification commonly used by herds in West Africa is
Answer: B (branding.)
Herdsmen in West Africa commonly mark their cattle with hot-iron brands.
Microbial digestion and enzymatic digestion occur in the
Answer: B (rumen and abomasum.)
Microbes digest feed in the rumen; enzymes digest it in the abomasum (true stomach).
A grass-legume mixture suitable for feeding livestock is
Answer: B (Pennisetum purpureum and Calopogonium mucunoides.)
Elephant grass is a grass and calopo is a legume; the other pairs are two grasses or two legumes.
An offspring resulting from the mating of two different breeds of animals is known as
Answer: C (crossbred.)
Mating two different breeds is crossbreeding.
Artificial insemination could be used for I. Cattle. II. Poultry. III. Pigs.
Answer: D (I, II and III)
AI is used in cattle, pigs and also poultry (especially turkeys and breeder chickens).
The transfer of an animal from its country of origin to another country is called
Answer: C (introduction)
Bringing animals into a new country or area is introduction.
Harvested forage that is fed to farm animals in a dried form is
Answer: A (hay.)
Hay is forage cut and dried for later feeding.
The transfer of traits from parents to offspring is known as
Answer: D (heredity.)
Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to young.
The number of animals that could be grazed on a given pasture land is referred to as
Answer: C (carrying capacity.)
Carrying capacity is the number of animals a pasture can support without damage.
Zoonotic disease is
Answer: C (an animal disease that can infect humans.)
Zoonoses, such as rabies, anthrax and tuberculosis, pass from animals to humans.
(a)(i) Draw and label four parts of a land snail. (ii) State four features of a good housing unit for rearing snails. (iii) Name three predators of land snail. (b) Mention three insect pests of sheep. (c) State four ways in which the productivity of farm animals could be enhanced.
(a)(i) A neat drawing of a land snail with any four labels: shell; whorl/spire; foot; head; tentacles (long, with eyes; short); mouth; mantle; pneumostome (breathing pore)
(ii) Any four: shaded and cool; damp/humid environment; soft, loamy, well-drained soil; escape-proof walls/netting; protected from predators; well ventilated; easy to clean; separate pens for adults and young
(iii) Any three: rats/rodents; snakes; frogs/toads; lizards; birds (crows, hawks); ants; beetles; millipedes; humans
(b) Any three: lice; keds; blowflies (wool maggots); nasal botfly; biting flies; tsetse fly; mosquitoes
(c) Any four: use improved breeds/crossbreeding/AI; balanced feeding; good disease and parasite control; good housing and sanitation; adequate water; culling unproductive animals; good record keeping; quarantine new stock
Your drawing should be large with clear label lines.
(a)(i) State three advantages of introduction in animal improvement programme. (ii) State three disadvantages of selection in animal improvement programme. (b) List four methods of artificial selection. (c) Give four physical features of animals which could be selected for breeding. (d) Mention six features of a good laying chicken.
(a)(i) Any three: quickly brings in animals with desirable traits; increases genetic variety; raises productivity; can be crossed with local breeds for hybrid vigour; adds disease resistance
(ii) Any three: slow/time consuming; may remove some good traits; needs accurate records; requires skill and is costly; does not introduce new traits
(b) Any four: mass (individual) selection; pedigree selection; progeny testing; family selection; sib selection; tandem selection; independent culling
(c) Any four: good body size and conformation; strong legs and feet; good udder/teats (correct number); sound teeth/jaw; good coat or plumage; no physical defects; well-developed reproductive organs
(d) Any six: large, red, moist, warm comb and wattles; bright, alert eyes; moist, large, oval vent; wide pelvic bones (three fingers apart); soft, deep, pliable abdomen; pale shanks and beak (yellow pigment used up); active and alert; good appetite; late moulting
Give separate, distinct features.
(a) State five methods of preventing diseases in farm animals. (b) Mention five factors which could predispose livestock to diseases. (c)(i) Give three effects of ticks on farm animals. (ii) State three ways of controlling ticks on farm animals. (d) List four symptoms of coccidiosis in poultry.
(a) Any five: vaccination; good sanitation and hygiene; quarantine of new animals; isolation of sick animals; balanced feeding; avoiding overcrowding; regular deworming and dipping; using resistant breeds; footbaths; proper disposal of carcasses
(b) Any five: poor nutrition/malnutrition; overcrowding; poor housing and ventilation; poor sanitation; stress (transport, weather); age (very young or old); injuries/wounds; parasites; lack of vaccination; bringing in new animals without quarantine
(c)(i) Any three: suck blood causing anaemia; transmit diseases (babesiosis, heartwater, anaplasmosis); damage hides/skins; cause irritation, wounds and weight loss; reduce milk yield; tick paralysis
(ii) Any three: dipping; spraying or pour-on acaricides; hand picking; rotational grazing/pasture spelling; burning infested pasture; keeping tick-resistant breeds
(d) Any four: bloody or watery diarrhoea; ruffled feathers; drooping wings; loss of appetite; weight loss; pale comb; dullness/huddling; drop in egg production; sudden death
Short, separate points.
(a) Explain the term malnutrition in farm animals. (b) State five effects of malnutrition in sheep. (c) State five ways in which malnutrition could be prevented in rabbits. (d) Mention two sources of each of the following nutrients in poultry feed: (i) Carbohydrates; (ii) Protein; (iii) Fats and oils; (iv) Calcium.
(a) Malnutrition is a condition in which an animal's feed lacks one or more nutrients, or contains them in wrong proportions, leading to poor health and performance
(b) Any five: slow growth/stunting; loss of weight; low wool yield and poor wool quality; low fertility and fewer lambs; low milk yield; weak lambs/high mortality; deficiency diseases; low resistance to disease
(c) Any five: feed a balanced ration (pellets plus forage); provide clean water at all times; give mineral and vitamin supplements; feed according to age and stage (pregnant, lactating does); allow coprophagy; avoid mouldy feed; deworm regularly; avoid overcrowding
(d)(i) Carbohydrates: maize; sorghum; millet; cassava; wheat offal; rice bran
(ii) Protein: fish meal; soya bean meal; groundnut cake; blood meal; meat and bone meal
(iii) Fats and oils: palm oil; groundnut oil; soya oil; full-fat soya; fish oil
(iv) Calcium: oyster shell; bone meal; limestone; eggshell; dicalcium phosphate
Two sources for each nutrient in (d).
(a) Name three internal organs found in each of the following regions of a farm animal: (i) Thoracic region; (ii) Abdominal region. (b)(i) List four records that could be kept by a poultry farmer. (ii) State four reasons for keeping records in poultry production. (c)(i) State three damages that could be caused by rats in a deep litter house. (ii) Mention three ways of controlling rats on animal farm.
(a)(i) Thoracic, any three: heart; lungs; trachea; oesophagus; thymus; diaphragm (boundary)
(ii) Abdominal, any three: stomach; liver; intestines; kidneys; spleen; pancreas; bladder; caecum
(b)(i) Any four: stock/inventory record; feed record; egg production record; health/vaccination record; mortality record; sales and expenditure records; labour record
(ii) Any four: shows profit or loss; helps planning and decision making; helps identify and cull poor layers; useful for obtaining loans; helps disease control; helps to detect theft/losses; for tax assessment
(c)(i) Any three: eat and waste feed; eat eggs and kill chicks; spread diseases (e.g. salmonellosis); damage equipment, walls and bags; contaminate feed with droppings
(ii) Any three: rat-proof buildings/wire mesh; traps; poison baits (rodenticides); keeping cats; good sanitation and clearing bushes; proper feed storage
Three separate organs for each region.
(a) State three changes that take place after the chopped forage has been compressed and covered in silage preparation. (b) Give two reasons each for carrying out each of the following practices in pasture management; (i) weeding; (ii) controlled burning; (iii) Irrigation; (iv) Fertilizer application; (v) Liming. (c) State two functions of phosphorus in animal nutrition. (d) Complete the table below by ticking (√) the appropriate column to indicate the effect of low temperature on farm animals.
Parameter | Increase | Decrease | Normal
(i) Water intake | | |
(ii) Grazing time | | |
(iii) Milk yield | | |
(iv) Feed intake | | |
(v) Egg production | | |
(a) Any three: the plant cells use up the trapped oxygen (respiration) and heat is produced; anaerobic bacteria ferment the sugars; lactic acid (and some acetic acid) is formed; the pH falls to about 4, which stops further bacterial and fungal action and preserves the forage; colour changes to yellowish-green with a pleasant sour smell
(b)(i) Weeding: removes competition for nutrients, water and light; removes poisonous or unpalatable plants; reduces pests
(ii) Controlled burning: removes old, dry, fibrous growth to encourage fresh shoots; kills ticks and other pests; controls bushes and weeds
(iii) Irrigation: supplies water in the dry season; keeps forage growing all year; raises yield
(iv) Fertilizer application: supplies nutrients; increases yield and quality/protein of forage; faster regrowth
(v) Liming: reduces soil acidity; supplies calcium; helps legume nodulation and nutrient uptake
(c) Any two: bone and teeth formation (with calcium); eggshell formation; energy metabolism (ATP); part of nucleic acids and cell membranes; acid–base balance; milk production; fertility
(d) Water intake: decrease; Grazing time: increase; Milk yield: decrease; Feed intake: increase; Egg production: decrease
In cold weather animals eat more to keep warm but drink less and produce less.