WAEC Agricultural Science 2022 past questions and answers

To reduce rural-urban migration, the government should

1. A.establish commodity boards
2. B.provide social infrastructure.
3. C.establish tractor-hiring units.
4. D.provide extension services to farmers.

The establishment of cooperative farming is encouraged by governments because it

1. A.enables farmers to control soil erosion.
2. B.facilitates the use of hand tools.
3. C.enables individual farmers to acquire capital.
4. D.allows farmers to cultivate small and scattered plots.

A non-governmental organization involved in agricultural development in West Africa is

1. A.Operation Feed the Nation
2. B.River Basin Development Authority.
3. C.Agricultural Development Project.
4. D.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.

The diagram below illustrates a farm implement.
The illustrated farm implement is used for

1. A.pulverizing soil into fine tilth.
2. B.breaking up soil into clods.
3. C.gathering topsoil.
4. D.levelling soil surface.

The diagram below illustrates a farm implement.
The part of the illustrated farm implement which enables it to roll over obstacles is labelled

1. A.I.
2. B.II.
3. C.III.
4. D.IV.

The diagram below illustrates a farm implement.
The function of the part labelled II is to

1. A.remove soil.
2. B.turn soil.
3. C.break clods.
4. D.cut stumps.

A combine harvester can be used simultaneously to harvest

1. A.legumes and apply fertilizer.
2. B.grains and eradicate weeds.
3. C.tubers and distribute fertilizer.
4. D.cereals and winnow grains.

Ranging poles used in farm surveying have characteristic

1. A.green and white bands.
2. B.blue and white bands.
3. C.red and white bands.
4. D.black and red bands.

Decomposition of soil organic matter is mainly caused by

1. A.bacteria.
2. B.algae.
3. C.fungi.
4. D.nematodes.

The main factors responsible for rock weathering in the desert are high temperature and

1. A.animal activity.
2. B.water.
3. C.wind.
4. D.root growth.

A difference between physical and chemical weathering is that

1. A.there is a change in the mineral composition of rock in physical weathering.
2. B.the mineral composition of rock is changed in chemical weathering.
3. C.carbonation is necessary in physical weathering.
4. D.wind is necessary in chemical weathering.

In an experiment on soil porosity, the following results were obtained: Volume of dry soil = 52cm³. Volume of water = 48cm³. Volume of soil and water = 78cm³
Determine the volume of airspace in the soil sample.

1. A.22cm³
2. B.26cm³
3. C.30cm³
4. D.100cm³

In an experiment on soil porosity, the following results were obtained: Volume of dry soil = 52cm³. Volume of water = 48cm³. Volume of soil and water = 78cm³
Calculate the porosity of the soil sample.

1. A.28.21%
2. B.42.31%
3. C.45.83%
4. D.61.54%

The diagram below illustrates a tool used to analyse a soil sample in an experiment.
The aim of the experiment is to determine the soil

1. A.structure.
2. B.texture.
3. C.mineral matter.
4. D.organic matter.

The diagram below illustrates a tool used to analyse a soil sample in an experiment.
The part labelled III will contain

1. A.clay.
2. B.silt.
3. C.coarse sand
4. D.fine sand

The diagram below illustrates a tool used to analyse a soil sample in an experiment.
The diameter of the soil particle that would be retained in the part labelled II is

1. A.0.002 - 0.02 mm.
2. B.0.02 - 0.2 mm.
3. C.0.2 - 2.0 mm.
4. D.> 2.0 mm.

Potassium deficiency in cereal crops is indicated by

1. A.browning of leaves from the tips and margins.
2. B.yellowing of younger leaves.
3. C.purpling of leaves.
4. D.white and irregular spots on leaves.

Nitrogen is important in plants because it is mainly needed in

1. A.fruit formation.
2. B.root development.
3. C.leaf formation.
4. D.cell division.

Water can be conserved in the soil by

1. A.mulching, strip cropping and cover cropping.
2. B.weeding, strip cropping and clean clearing.
3. C.clean clearing, mulching and strip cropping.
4. D.cover cropping, mulching and weeding.

Monocotyledonous crops include

1. A.oil palm, rice and plantain.
2. B.cowpea, pepper and tomato.
3. C.garden egg, cassava and mango.
4. D.rubber, cashew and orange.

Swampy lands are most suitable for growing

1. A.yam.
2. B.rice.
3. C.maize.
4. D.tomato.

If maize seeds are sown at a spacing of 60 cm by 90 cm, what is the plant population of maize expected on one hectare of farmland?

1. A.18,519 plants
2. B.16,667 plants
3. C.11,111 plants
4. D.5,400 plants

The practice of placing the correct number of seeds in the soil with definite intra-row and inter-row spacing is called

1. A.seed drilling.
2. B.centrifugal distribution.
3. C.precision planting.
4. D.seed broadcasting.

Which of the following groups of crops will thrive in areas with high rainfall?

1. A.Cotton, cowpea and groundnut
2. B.Millet, maize and cotton
3. C.Guinea corn, cowpea and maize
4. D.Cocoa, oil palm and rubber.

The diagram below illustrates a crop.
The illustrated crop is

1. A.Capsicum frutescens.
2. B.Abelmoscus esculentus.
3. C.Glycine max.
4. D.Hevea brasiliensis.

The diagram below illustrates a crop.
A disease that could affect the illustrated crop is

1. A.swollen shoot.
2. B.smut
3. C.root knot.
4. D.rosette.

The diagram below illustrates a crop.
The most suitable fertilizer for the production of the illustrated crop is

1. A.muriate of potash.
2. B.ammonium sulphate.
3. C.potassium nitrate.
4. D.single superphosphate.

Capping is a cultural practice carried out in the cultivation of

1. A.carrot.
2. B.cassava.
3. C.potato.
4. D.yam.

Damping off disease of tomato could be controlled by

1. A.staking
2. B.supplying
3. C.thinning.
4. D.pruning

The most common way of controlling weeds in tree crop plantations is by

1. A.crop rotation.
2. B.hand pulling.
3. C.flooding.
4. D.slashing.

Which of the crops is correctly matched with a disease that affects it?

1. A.Maize - smut
2. B.Sorghum - scab
3. C.Rice - black arm
4. D.Yam - blast

Soil-borne diseases could be controlled in the nursery by

1. A.mulching.
2. B.manuring.
3. C.heat treatment.
4. D.provision of shade.

Use the information below.
I. Yellowing of leaves
II. Raised brown spots on the leaves
III. Drying up of leaves
IV. Exudation of gum
The disease of citrus described above is

1. A.die-back.
2. B.gummosis.
3. C.tristeza.
4. D.blight.

The diagram below illustrates the digestive system of a farm animal.
Digestion of fats takes place in the part labelled

1. A.I.
2. B.II.
3. C.III.
4. D.IV.

Lactation normally occurs

1. A.at the onset of conception.
2. B.at the onset of puberty.
3. C.after gestation.
4. D.after mating.

A by-product of all livestock is

1. A.hide.
2. B.horn.
3. C.milk.
4. D.meat.

Removal of needle teeth is important in the management of

1. A.kids.
2. B.lambs.
3. C.calves.
4. D.piglets.

Which of the following farm animals will browse more on plants in a pasture?

1. A.Goats
2. B.Cattle
3. C.Pigs
4. D.Sheep

The main reason for castrating farm animals is to

1. A.remove male odour.
2. B.make the animal sterile.
3. C.increase meat production.
4. D.make them lose weight.

Which of the following statements about silage are true? It
I. has laxative effect
II. is acidic in reaction
III. has a strong aroma when well prepared

1. A.I and II only
2. B.I and III only
3. C.II and III only
4. D.I, II and III

If 200 layers require 25 kg of layer mash per day, calculate the quantity of feed required by 1,000 layers per day.

1. A.5 kg
2. B.40 kg
3. C.80 kg
4. D.125 kg

Salt licks are provided for grazing animals to

1. A.make the pasture palatable.
2. B.supply nutrients in pastures.
3. C.supplement mineral intake.
4. D.provide laxatives.

The correct order of arrangement of ration for piglets from day old is

1. A.weaners → growers → creep → finisher.
2. B.creep → weaners → growers → finisher.
3. C.growers → finisher → creep → weaners.
4. D.finisher → creep → weaners → growers.

In farming enterprise, short term loans are used to

1. A.purchase farm machinery.
2. B.construct new farm buildings.
3. C.construct an irrigation dam.
4. D.purchase agrochemicals.

The table below illustrates a farm record for Goodness Farms in the year 1970.
4th June: 362 hens, 176 eggs collected, 96 eggs sold
5th June: 360 hens, 199 eggs collected, 108 eggs sold
6th June: 360 hens, 177 eggs collected, 48 eggs sold
The table illustrates

1. A.an inventory record.
2. B.a production record.
3. C.a labour record.
4. D.an input record.

The table below illustrates a farm record for Goodness Farms in the year 1970.
4th June: 362 hens, 176 eggs collected, 96 eggs sold
5th June: 360 hens, 199 eggs collected, 108 eggs sold
6th June: 360 hens, 177 eggs collected, 48 eggs sold
Calculate the total amount of eggs sold on the farm.

1. A.804
2. B.552
3. C.300
4. D.252

The table below illustrates a farm record for Goodness Farms in the year 1970.
4th June: 362 hens, 176 eggs collected, 96 eggs sold
5th June: 360 hens, 199 eggs collected, 108 eggs sold
6th June: 360 hens, 177 eggs collected, 48 eggs sold
If all the unsold eggs were later sold on 7th June at N5.00 per crate, calculate the income from unsold eggs. (Assuming a crate = 30 eggs)

1. A.N40.00
2. B.N45.00
3. C.N50.00
4. D.N55.00

The gross profit of a farm business is the farm's

1. A.net sales less cost of production.
2. B.total sales less operating expenses.
3. C.net sales less taxation.
4. D.total sales less cost of production.

(a) State five reasons why government should enact laws to regulate the use of land for agriculture.
(b) A cocoa farmer has just acquired 10 hectares of farmland and is considering the type of farm power to use for tillage operations. (i) Advise the farmer on the most appropriate type of farm power to use. (ii) State four reasons for the answer in 1(b)(i).
(c) Mention one function each of the following parts of a seed planter: (i) seed tube; (ii) furrow opener; (iii) hopper; (iv) seed metering device; (v) furrow wheel.
(d) List three machines used in processing crops after harvesting.

(a) Explain each of the following cropping systems: (i) monocropping; (ii) mixed cropping; (iii) mixed farming; (iv) crop rotation.
(b) A crop farmer observed that the leaves of the orange plants on the farm turned purple with most of the immature fruits dropping. (i) Identify the nutrient deficient in the orange plants. (ii) List four inorganic fertilizers that could correct the nutrient deficiency observed in the orange plants.
(c) Name five materials that could be used to attract bees to a new beehive.

(a) Explain four causes of damage to maize during storage.
(b) Two heterozygous tall plants, Tt, were crossed in an experiment. Using a genetic diagram, (i) show the possible offspring that could result from the cross. (ii) determine the: I. genotypic ratio of the offspring. II. phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
(c) State Mendel's first and second laws of inheritance.
(d) Mention two forage grasses.

(a) Complete the table below: for Onion, Ginger and Jute give the botanical name, classification based on use and method of propagation.
(b) A poultry farmer plans to rear broilers in a deep litter house measuring 36 m long and 10 m wide. If a floor space of 0.36 m² per adult chicken is recommended for broiler production, calculate the number of broilers that the farmer can rear.
(c) State five advantages of introducing legumes in a pasture.

(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal nutrition: (i) balanced diet; (ii) maintenance ration; (iii) production ration; (iv) malnutrition.
(b) State six effects of malnutrition on farm animals.
(c) Mention four nursery practices in the production of tomato.

The table below illustrates a basic economic principle in agriculture.
Quantity of fertilizer used (bag) — Tomato yield (kg): 0 — 2; 2 — 6; 4 — 9; 6 — 11; 8 — 10; 10 — 5; 12 — 4
(a)(i) On the graph sheet provided, plot a graph showing the relationship between fertilizer used and tomato yield. Use a scale of 2 cm to 2 units on the x axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the y axis. (ii) Describe the relationship between the fertilizer used and tomato yield. (iii) Suggest the most appropriate quantity of fertilizer to be applied on the tomato farm.
(b) State three effects of subsidy withdrawal on agricultural production.
(c) List four print media that could be used to disseminate information about a new variety of maize to farmers.
(d) Name two insect pests each of the following crops: (i) maize; (ii) orange.