JAMB Use of English 2008 past questions and answers

94 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.

Question 1

Comprehension
JAMB 2008 Passage I: Fluted pumpkin
As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken open to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavour.

The use of pumpkin seeds has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition of pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich foods such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

Adapted from The Guardian, 23 April, 2006

Which type of this paper are you answering?

  1. A.Type A
  2. B.Type B
  3. C.Type E
  4. D.Type K.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Type E)

Explanation

This question only checks that you shade the paper type printed on your own question booklet. The book's copy was Type E.

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Question 2

Comprehension

The popularity of the leaves of fluted pumpkin is due to the fact that they are

  1. A.locally grown vegetables
  2. B.believed to increase the blood level
  3. C.inexpensive and readily available
  4. D.known in many parts of the country.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (believed to increase the blood level)

Explanation

Consumers have grown 'owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable'.

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Question 3

Comprehension

The chief quality of the seed of fluted pumpkin is that it

  1. A.brings income to vegetable growers
  2. B.is cream-coloured
  3. C.is a source of many minerals the body needs
  4. D.has a chewy structure.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (is a source of many minerals the body needs)

Explanation

The seeds 'have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body', and the passage goes on to praise their zinc.

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Question 4

Comprehension

The sentence That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable means that the consumers

  1. A.know too much
  2. B.do not know too much
  3. C.do not know much
  4. D.know everything.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (do not know much)

Explanation

'That is the much they know' means that is all they know, so consumers do not know much about the vegetable beyond its leaves.

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Question 5

Comprehension

The expression the addition of pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms implies that they

  1. A.are as good as conventional drugs
  2. B.are better than conventional drugs
  3. C.are more favoured than conventional drugs
  4. D.taste better than conventional drugs.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (are as good as conventional drugs)

Explanation

To 'compare favourably with' something is to be about as good as it, so the seeds work as well as conventional drugs.

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Question 6

Comprehension
JAMB 2008 Passage II: A slow court system
There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country's court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits no matter how frivolous. The country's lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 3.2 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country's new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticized as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, 'there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system'. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streamlining the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risks of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises, and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country's business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. 'Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,' says an observer.

The reasons for the country's judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capita than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100,000 people. And the state itself, which accounts for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

By comparing the country's judicial system to eternity, the writer means that the system is

  1. A.eternal
  2. B.continuous
  3. C.slow
  4. D.strange.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (slow)

Explanation

Eternity is endless time; the joke says court cases seem to last forever, so the system is very slow.

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Question 7

Comprehension

Judicial reforms need to be effected because the country

  1. A.has become a democracy
  2. B.wants foreign investors
  3. C.has a new Prime Minister
  4. D.has a new Chief Justice.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (wants foreign investors)

Explanation

The writer says the chief reason is economic: dysfunctional courts increase the risks of foreign investors, and speedy courts would attract foreign investment.

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Question 8

Comprehension

One effect of complicated laws is that they delay the

  1. A.execution of contract
  2. B.construction of roads
  3. C.payment of contractors
  4. D.growth of the construction industry.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (execution of contract)

Explanation

The 'regulatory maze' confronts every commercial project and causes delays and cost overruns, so contracts take longer to carry out.

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Question 9

Comprehension

One major reason for the delays in the country's legal system is that

  1. A.there are not enough judges
  2. B.judges continue to resist change
  3. C.foreigners are unwilling to invest
  4. D.the country does not have a competitive economy.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (there are not enough judges)

Explanation

The last paragraph says the country has fewer judges per head than almost any other country, under three per 100,000 people.

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Question 10

Comprehension

We can infer that the neighbouring country has more foreign investments because it

  1. A.is a bigger country
  2. B.is more conveniently located
  3. C.has a better balance of payments
  4. D.has a more efficient judiciary.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (has a more efficient judiciary.)

Explanation

The passage links the country's small share of foreign investment to its slow courts and regulations, implying its neighbour's judiciary works better.

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Question 11

Comprehension
JAMB 2008 Passage III: The story of life
Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in such meetings a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was the beginning of life. 'When did life begin?' asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of the English language – 'The rich also cry'. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own periods of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard of the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem.

When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician's prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as a recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are just not only a problem to themselves but also to others in society. At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

The statement I had been present myself in such meetings a number of times implies the writer's

  1. A.position
  2. B.identification
  3. C.generalization
  4. D.presentation.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (identification)

Explanation

By saying he was present at such meetings, the writer identifies himself with the gatherings he describes.

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Question 12

Comprehension

Which of the following explains the writer's conception of life as being open-ended?

  1. A.Life is the work of the Creator
  2. B.The human life is the beginning of all creation
  3. C.No one witnessed when his life began on earth
  4. D.Life is full of stories that man has to tell to others.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (No one witnessed when his life began on earth)

Explanation

The question 'When did life begin?' is open-ended because 'none of us could say precisely what happened when he was born'.

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Question 13

Comprehension

The expression 'The rich also cry,' as used in the passage, may be described as

  1. A.figurative
  2. B.proverbial
  3. C.provocative
  4. D.illustrative.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (proverbial)

Explanation

It is a short popular saying that expresses a general truth about life, so it is proverbial.

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Question 14

Comprehension

According to the passage, dietician's prayer is one that

  1. A.brings succour to the poor man
  2. B.the poor will not believe in
  3. C.says any poor person can be lazy
  4. D.appeals to the poor.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (the poor will not believe in)

Explanation

The writer calls the dietician's prayer for a balanced diet a 'cock and bull story' to the poor, that is, something they cannot believe.

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Question 15

Comprehension

It can be inferred from the passage that the writer

  1. A.needs to express himself more in idioms
  2. B.eagerly discusses terminally ill and insane people
  3. C.does not have any regard for terminally ill people
  4. D.would rather not discuss a group of people.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (would rather not discuss a group of people.)

Explanation

About the terminally ill and insane he says only 'Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect', so he prefers not to discuss them.

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Question 16

Cloze Passage
JAMB 2008 Passage IV: Fear and anxiety (cloze)
When a mother is afraid that her child will die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ...16.... If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ...17... he knows well, we call his reaction ...18...; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up in the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm we would speak of ...19.... Thus far, we have a simple and neat distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ...20... reaction to danger or even a reaction to ...21... danger. This distinction has one ...22..., however, which is that the decision ...23... whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ...24.... But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ...25... foundation.

Passage IV, gap 16: But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ________ (16).

  1. A.hysteria
  2. B.xenophobia
  3. C.fear
  4. D.foolish
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (fear)

Explanation

Fear of a real, serious danger is ordinary fear; the passage contrasts this with anxiety, which is out of proportion to the danger.

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Question 17

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 17: If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ________ (17) he knows well, we call his reaction ...

  1. A.a workshop
  2. B.a seminar
  3. C.a topic
  4. D.an exercise
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (a topic)

Explanation

You discuss a topic that you know well.

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Question 18

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 18: If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss a topic he knows well, we call his reaction ________ (18).

  1. A.incompetence
  2. B.anxiety
  3. C.anger
  4. D.immaturity
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (anxiety)

Explanation

There is no real danger in these cases, so the fear is out of proportion: that is anxiety.

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Question 19

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 19: If someone is afraid when he loses his way high up in the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm we would speak of ________ (19).

  1. A.trepidation
  2. B.ignorance
  3. C.depression
  4. D.apprehension
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (apprehension)

Explanation

Being lost on a mountain in a storm is a real danger, so the person feels apprehension, a natural fear of what may happen.

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Question 20

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 20: ...one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ________ (20) reaction to danger...

  1. A.an unrelated
  2. B.a dissimilar
  3. C.an unequal
  4. D.an unparalleled
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (an unequal)

Explanation

The opposite of a proportionate reaction is one that is unequal to (out of proportion with) the danger.

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Question 21

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 21: ...or even a reaction to ________ (21) danger.

  1. A.imaginary
  2. B.unrealistic
  3. C.ominous
  4. D.unusual
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (imaginary)

Explanation

Anxiety can be a reaction to a danger that is not real at all, that is, imaginary.

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Question 22

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 22: This distinction has one ________ (22), however, which is that the decision ...

  1. A.direction
  2. B.flavour
  3. C.flaw
  4. D.meaning
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (flaw)

Explanation

'However' signals a weakness in the distinction, which is a flaw.

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Question 23

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 23: ...the decision ________ (23) whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge...

  1. A.as to
  2. B.as from
  3. C.as in
  4. D.as of
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (as to)

Explanation

'As to' means 'about' and is used before 'whether': the decision as to whether...

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Question 24

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 24: ...depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ________ (24).

  1. A.medium
  2. B.culture
  3. C.feature
  4. D.institution
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (culture)

Explanation

Average knowledge and shared attitudes belong to a society's culture.

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Question 25

Cloze Passage

Passage IV, gap 25: But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ________ (25) foundation.

  1. A.rational
  2. B.reactional
  3. C.proactive
  4. D.radical
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (rational)

Explanation

The neurotic will always find a reasonable-sounding (rational) basis for his fear, even when others call it unfounded.

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Question 26

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: He needn't have bought that new table.

  1. A.It isn't possible that he bought the table
  2. B.He bought the table, but it wasn't necessary
  3. C.He didn't buy the table because it wasn't necessary.
  4. D.He doesn't need to buy the table.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (He bought the table, but it wasn't necessary)

Explanation

'Needn't have' + past participle means something was done although it was not necessary.

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Question 27

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: Thanks to that phone call, I was able to obtain the visa.

  1. A.In spite of that phone call, I obtained the visa
  2. B.It was because of that phone call that I obtained the visa
  3. C.I am grateful to whoever phoned me, and I obtained the visa
  4. D.If I had not received that phone call, I would not have obtained the visa.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (It was because of that phone call that I obtained the visa)

Explanation

'Thanks to' means 'because of', so the call is the reason he got the visa.

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Question 28

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: It is likely that the governor will exact his pound of flesh.

  1. A.He will probably demand a hefty bribe
  2. B.He will probably engineer the assassination of his opponents
  3. C.He will probably impose crushing new taxes.
  4. D.He will probably demand for and get all that is due to him.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (He will probably demand for and get all that is due to him.)

Explanation

To exact one's pound of flesh is to insist on getting everything one is owed, however harsh.

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Question 29

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: It was too cold for him to go out.

  1. A.He had a bad cold, and did not go out.
  2. B.Although it was very cold, he still went out
  3. C.As it was very cold, he did not go out
  4. D.He was afraid to go out that day.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (As it was very cold, he did not go out)

Explanation

'Too cold to go out' means the cold stopped him from going out.

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Question 30

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: Ado and Abu are always together these days. They must be up to something.

  1. A.They must have reconciled after their quarrel
  2. B.They are probably planning something bad
  3. C.They are capable of a praiseworthy achievement
  4. D.They bear some responsibility for what has happened.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (They are probably planning something bad)

Explanation

'Up to something' means secretly planning something, usually mischief.

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Question 31

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: He wants the meeting to be adjourned.

  1. A.He wants the meeting closed
  2. B.He wants the meeting cancelled
  3. C.He wants the meeting to continue till another day
  4. D.He wants the meeting to commence another day without delay.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (He wants the meeting to continue till another day)

Explanation

To adjourn a meeting is to stop it and continue it at a later time.

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Question 32

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: My father is one of the vociferous few challenging the company's appointment of the manager.

  1. A.My father is the one who shouts with a loud voice against the appointment of the manager
  2. B.My father and others speak on behalf of the company against the appointment of the manager
  3. C.My father is one of those objecting to the appointment of the manager
  4. D.My father is agitated by the appointment of the manager.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (My father is one of those objecting to the appointment of the manager)

Explanation

Being one of the few loudly challenging the appointment means he is one of those objecting to it.

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Question 34

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: In those days in this school, everyone who spoke in a language other than English paid a fine of ten naira

  1. A.Everyone of us paid a fine of ten naira because we did not always speak in English
  2. B.Everyone would pay a fine of ten naira for wanting to use a language other than English
  3. C.Those who spoke a language other than English on the premises paid a fine of ten naira
  4. D.Those who intended to speak other languages on the school premises were required to pay ten naira.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Those who spoke a language other than English on the premises paid a fine of ten naira)

Explanation

Only those who actually spoke another language in the school were fined.

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Question 35

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: The officer has discussed the vexed issue of incessant power failure

  1. A.In anger, the officer explained the problem of constant power failure
  2. B.The officer added his voice to the much discussed problem of power cut
  3. C.The officer's explanations angered those who have suffered the effects of frequent power failure
  4. D.The officer told the people not to be angered by the frequent power cut.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (The officer added his voice to the much discussed problem of power cut)

Explanation

A 'vexed issue' is one that is much debated, not one that makes people angry; the officer joined the discussion of it.

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Question 36

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The weather condition now prevailing in the town is unbearable

  1. A.widespread
  2. B.dominant
  3. C.uncommon
  4. D.uncontrollable.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (uncommon)

Explanation

Prevailing means common or widespread at the moment; the opposite is uncommon.

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Question 37

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The lady was completely nonplussed when her suitor rejected her gifts

  1. A.unpuzzled
  2. B.surprised
  3. C.unconscious
  4. D.disappointed.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (unpuzzled)

Explanation

Nonplussed means puzzled and unsure how to react; the opposite is unpuzzled.

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Question 38

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: As a public officer, he should act with scrupulous honesty at all times

  1. A.impeccable
  2. B.careless
  3. C.transparent
  4. D.uncompromising.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (careless)

Explanation

Scrupulous means very careful and thorough; the opposite is careless.

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Question 39

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Men from the agency went into the market in search of unwholesome food items

  1. A.imported
  2. B.healthy
  3. C.banned
  4. D.uncooked.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (healthy)

Explanation

Unwholesome food is bad for health; the opposite is healthy.

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Question 40

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The condition of the hostels has become deplorable

  1. A.admirable
  2. B.regrettable
  3. C.bearable
  4. D.malignant.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (admirable)

Explanation

Deplorable means shockingly bad; the opposite is admirable.

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Question 41

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The plan to merge the two local government areas has met with much apathy.

  1. A.hospitality
  2. B.criticism
  3. C.consideration
  4. D.enthusiasm.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (enthusiasm.)

Explanation

Apathy is lack of interest; the opposite is enthusiasm.

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Question 42

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: 'There is now a dearth of talent in the industry,' she said.

  1. A.a lack
  2. B.an abundance
  3. C.a rebirth
  4. D.a shortage
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (an abundance)

Explanation

A dearth is a shortage; the opposite is an abundance.

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Question 43

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The students vandalized their hostel during the riot.

  1. A.deserted
  2. B.repaired
  3. C.protected
  4. D.decorated.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (repaired)

Explanation

To vandalize is to damage on purpose; the opposite is to repair.

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Question 44

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: His kind-hearted master bought him a motorcycle

  1. A.stingy
  2. B.generous
  3. C.shrewd
  4. D.angry.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (stingy)

Explanation

The master's kindness shows in a generous gift; the opposite of such a kind, giving person is a stingy one.

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Question 45

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Mutual love is what Kabi and Musa have in common and nothing else.

  1. A.insincere
  2. B.unhappy
  3. C.one-sided
  4. D.disrespectful.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (one-sided)

Explanation

Mutual love is shared by both; the opposite is one-sided.

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Question 46

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Always strive to get what is legitimate.

  1. A.illicit
  2. B.legal
  3. C.good
  4. D.impure.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (illicit)

Explanation

Legitimate means lawful; illicit means unlawful.

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Question 47

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Some aspects of their culture are out of date.

  1. A.genuine
  2. B.pragmatic
  3. C.fashionable
  4. D.fake.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (fashionable)

Explanation

Out of date means old-fashioned; the opposite is fashionable.

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Question 48

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: On the first day of her examination, Amina felt very confident.

  1. A.excited
  2. B.dull
  3. C.beefed up
  4. D.strung up.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (strung up.)

Explanation

Confident means calm and sure of oneself; 'strung up' means tense and nervous, the opposite.

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Question 50

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The speaker was rather bold in his presentation of the case

  1. A.unfair
  2. B.reserved
  3. C.ashamed
  4. D.formal.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (reserved)

Explanation

Bold means confident and daring; reserved means holding back, the opposite.

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Question 51

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The doctor tried to soothe the patient before the operation

  1. A.examine
  2. B.treat
  3. C.calm
  4. D.induce.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (calm)

Explanation

To soothe someone is to calm them.

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Question 52

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The charge brought against my brother was hardly tenable

  1. A.sensible
  2. B.defensible
  3. C.meaningful
  4. D.flimsy.
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Answer: B (defensible)

Explanation

A tenable charge or argument is one that can be defended or maintained, so 'defensible' is closest.

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Question 53

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The man described his son as a wilful character

  1. A.wicked
  2. B.obstinate
  3. C.wild
  4. D.tricky.
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Answer: B (obstinate)

Explanation

A wilful person insists on having his own way, that is, he is obstinate.

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Question 54

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Our teacher described Agbo's story as a phantom

  1. A.scary
  2. B.realistic
  3. C.fanciful
  4. D.interesting.
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Answer: C (fanciful)

Explanation

A phantom is something unreal or imagined, so the story is fanciful.

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Question 55

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: I find the way she approaches her customers quite repugnant.

  1. A.unpleasant
  2. B.attractive
  3. C.ungodly
  4. D.encouraging.
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Answer: A (unpleasant)

Explanation

Repugnant means very unpleasant or offensive.

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Question 56

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Participation in the programme is optional.

  1. A.unnecessary
  2. B.recommended
  3. C.hard to justify
  4. D.a matter of choice.
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Answer: D (a matter of choice.)

Explanation

Optional means you may choose whether to take part.

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Question 57

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Scientists have invented ways of preserving fruits much longer

  1. A.coined
  2. B.devised
  3. C.arranged
  4. D.organized.
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Answer: B (devised)

Explanation

To invent a method is to devise it, i.e. work it out.

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Question 58

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The attempt to count the population was largely successful.

  1. A.mostly
  2. B.completely
  3. C.hardly
  4. D.totally.
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Answer: A (mostly)

Explanation

Largely means to a great extent, that is, mostly.

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Question 59

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The governor has approved the award of the contract

  1. A.appreciated
  2. B.acknowledged
  3. C.vetoed
  4. D.endorsed.
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Answer: D (endorsed.)

Explanation

To approve officially is to endorse.

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Question 60

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: I cannot stand Simon. I find his attitude offensive

  1. A.unapproachable
  2. B.obnoxious
  3. C.wicked
  4. D.unpardonable.
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Answer: B (obnoxious)

Explanation

Obnoxious means extremely unpleasant and offensive.

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Question 61

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The man would not withdraw what he had said

  1. A.take back
  2. B.take out
  3. C.take away
  4. D.take from.
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Answer: A (take back)

Explanation

To withdraw a statement is to take it back.

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Question 62

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The disagreement between the two men became obvious during the meeting.

  1. A.insult
  2. B.confrontation
  3. C.passion
  4. D.insinuation.
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Answer: B (confrontation)

Explanation

Of the options, a confrontation (open clash) is closest to a disagreement.

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Question 63

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The principal detested his recalcitrant attitude

  1. A.disobedient
  2. B.arrogant
  3. C.voracious
  4. D.vengeful.
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Answer: A (disobedient)

Explanation

Recalcitrant means stubbornly refusing to obey, that is, disobedient.

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Question 64

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The union officials suddenly became restive.

  1. A.unruly
  2. B.impatient
  3. C.calm
  4. D.submissive.
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Answer: A (unruly)

Explanation

Restive means restless and hard to control, that is, unruly.

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Question 65

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The popularity of the military dictator waned after the war

  1. A.increased
  2. B.changed
  3. C.declined
  4. D.skyrocketed.
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Answer: C (declined)

Explanation

To wane is to grow smaller or weaker, that is, to decline.

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Question 66

Adjectives and Adverbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The chairman addressed the ________.

  1. A.one hundred university French teachers
  2. B.university one hundred French teachers
  3. C.French one hundred university teachers
  4. D.university French one hundred teachers
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (one hundred university French teachers)

Explanation

Numbers come first, then the noun modifiers: 'one hundred university French teachers' (teachers of French in universities).

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Question 67

Pronouns

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Kanuri is a language ________.

  1. A.I can't speak it well
  2. B.that I can't speak it well
  3. C.of which I can't speak it well
  4. D.I can't speak well
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Answer: D (I can't speak well)

Explanation

In a relative clause the object is not repeated, so 'it' must go: 'a language I can't speak well'.

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Question 68

Direct and Indirect Speech

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Last Tuesday, Ochonu asked me ________.

  1. A.had I come yesterday
  2. B.did you come yesterday
  3. C.whether I had come the day before
  4. D.If I had come yesterday
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (whether I had come the day before)

Explanation

A reported question uses 'whether/if', statement word order, the past perfect and 'the day before' instead of 'yesterday'.

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Question 69

Verb Forms

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The young man has ________ to sober ________ after being drunk.

  1. A.began/up
  2. B.begun/in
  3. C.begun/up
  4. D.began/down
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Answer: C (begun/up)

Explanation

After 'has' we need the past participle 'begun', and the phrasal verb is 'sober up'.

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Question 70

Verb Forms

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): My mother had ________ the fire wood before it began to rain.

  1. A.split
  2. B.splited
  3. C.splitted
  4. D.splitting
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Answer: A (split)

Explanation

'Split' does not change in the past participle: had split.

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Question 71

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The police officer warned the ________ communities against taking the law ________ hands.

  1. A.feuding/into their own
  2. B.feudal/to their own
  3. C.feuding/in their own
  4. D.feudal/in their own
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (feuding/into their own)

Explanation

Communities in a quarrel are 'feuding', and the idiom is 'take the law into one's own hands'.

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Question 72

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Agbo could not travel as he had come ________ influenza.

  1. A.over with
  2. B.down with
  3. C.in from
  4. D.on to
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Answer: B (down with)

Explanation

To 'come down with' an illness is to catch it.

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Question 73

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): When he ________ from his journey, tell him I want to see him.

  1. A.returns
  2. B.might have returned
  3. C.returned
  4. D.must have returned
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Answer: A (returns)

Explanation

In a time clause about the future, English uses the present simple: 'When he returns'.

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Question 74

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): I knocked at his door, but he ________.

  1. A.has already left
  2. B.left already
  3. C.would already leave
  4. D.had already left
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Answer: D (had already left)

Explanation

His leaving happened before my knock, so it takes the past perfect 'had already left'.

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Question 75

Nouns and Determiners

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): ________ of the students turned up, so the lecture was cancelled.

  1. A.Few
  2. B.Little
  3. C.A few
  4. D.A little
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (Few)

Explanation

'Few' (with countable students) means hardly any, which explains the cancellation; 'a few' would sound positive.

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Question 76

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): He brought a ________ against his neighbour.

  1. A.complaint
  2. B.complains
  3. C.complain
  4. D.complaining
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (complaint)

Explanation

After 'a' we need the noun 'complaint'.

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Question 77

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The hotel lacks the ________ for accommodating so many guests.

  1. A.ability
  2. B.capability
  3. C.capacity
  4. D.competence
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (capacity)

Explanation

Capacity is the amount of space or number of people a place can hold.

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Question 78

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): If you are not careful, you would ________ your money.

  1. A.loss
  2. B.lose
  3. C.loose
  4. D.lost
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (lose)

Explanation

The verb meaning to be deprived of something is 'lose'; 'loss' is a noun and 'loose' means not tight.

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Question 79

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): You must practise in order to ________ perfection.

  1. A.obtain
  2. B.have
  3. C.get
  4. D.achieve
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Answer: D (achieve)

Explanation

We 'achieve' perfection, a goal reached through effort.

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Question 80

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The condition of the room was so ________, so I went outside.

  1. A.intolerant
  2. B.intolerable
  3. C.inconstant
  4. D.invariable
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (intolerable)

Explanation

A condition that cannot be endured is intolerable; 'intolerant' describes people.

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Question 81

Question Tags

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): You don't like Mathematics, ________ you?

  1. A.do
  2. B.don't
  3. C.can't
  4. D.can
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Answer: A (do)

Explanation

A negative statement takes a positive question tag with the same auxiliary: 'do you?'

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Question 82

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): They have had their debt written ________ by their creditors.

  1. A.down
  2. B.on
  3. C.up
  4. D.off
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Answer: D (off)

Explanation

To 'write off' a debt is to cancel it.

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Question 84

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): By the end of this month, ________ for three years in this school.

  1. A.I will study
  2. B.I will have been studying
  3. C.I am studying
  4. D.I had been studying
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (I will have been studying)

Explanation

An action continuing up to a future point uses the future perfect continuous: 'will have been studying'.

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Question 85

Verb Forms

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): He ________ the picture on the table.

  1. A.laid
  2. B.lay
  3. C.lied
  4. D.lain
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Answer: A (laid)

Explanation

'Lay' (to put something down) takes an object; its past tense is 'laid'.

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Question 86

Vowels

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: cooled

  1. A.cold
  2. B.could
  3. C.court
  4. D.you.
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Answer: D (you.)

Explanation

'Cooled' has the long vowel /uː/, as in 'you'.

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Question 87

Vowels

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: shirt

  1. A.shut
  2. B.shade
  3. C.surf
  4. D.shed.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (surf)

Explanation

'Shirt' has the vowel /ɜː/, as in 'surf'.

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Question 88

Vowels

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: waist

  1. A.fete
  2. B.says
  3. C.plait
  4. D.breakfast.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (fete)

Explanation

'Waist' has the diphthong /eɪ/, as in 'fete' /feɪt/; 'says' and 'breakfast' have /e/ and 'plait' has /æ/.

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Question 89

Consonants

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: thatch

  1. A.clothing
  2. B.mother
  3. C.then
  4. D.method.
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Answer: D (method.)

Explanation

'Thatch' begins with voiceless /θ/, as in 'method'; the others have voiced /ð/.

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Question 90

Consonants

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: chateau

  1. A.chart
  2. B.church
  3. C.champagne
  4. D.chemical.
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Answer: C (champagne)

Explanation

French-origin 'chateau' begins with /ʃ/, as does 'champagne'.

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Question 91

Consonants

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: judge

  1. A.measure
  2. B.general
  3. C.pressure
  4. D.grace.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (general)

Explanation

The 'dg' in 'judge' is /dʒ/, the same as the 'g' in 'general'.

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Question 92

Word Stress

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.

  1. A.distress
  2. B.control
  3. C.bottom
  4. D.report.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (bottom)

Explanation

BOT-tom is stressed on the first syllable; dis-TRESS, con-TROL and re-PORT on the second.

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Question 94

Word Stress

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.

  1. A.release
  2. B.exit
  3. C.exchange
  4. D.explode.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (exit)

Explanation

EX-it is stressed on the first syllable; re-LEASE, ex-CHANGE and ex-PLODE on the second.

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Question 95

Word Stress

Choose the option that has the stress on the first syllable.

  1. A.bachelor
  2. B.forget
  3. C.cement
  4. D.ago.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (bachelor)

Explanation

BA-che-lor is stressed on the first syllable; for-GET, ce-MENT and a-GO on the second.

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Question 96

Word Stress

Choose the option that has the stress on the first syllable.

  1. A.librarian
  2. B.immunize
  3. C.militia
  4. D.continuous.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (immunize)

Explanation

IM-mu-nize is stressed on the first syllable; li-BRA-ri-an, mi-LI-tia and con-TI-nu-ous on the second.

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Question 97

Word Stress

Choose the option that has the stress on the first syllable.

  1. A.July
  2. B.literature
  3. C.august
  4. D.oesophagus.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (literature)

Explanation

LI-te-ra-ture is stressed on the first syllable. Ju-LY and oe-SO-pha-gus are not, and 'august' in small letters is the adjective au-GUST.

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Question 100

Word Stress

Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters: melodramatic

  1. A.MElodramatic
  2. B.meLOdramatic
  3. C.meloDRAmatic
  4. D.melodraMAtic.
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Answer: D (melodraMAtic.)

Explanation

Words ending in -ic are stressed on the syllable before it: me-lo-dra-MA-tic.

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