JAMB Use of English 2004 past questions and answers

98 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.

Question 1

Comprehension
JAMB 2004 Passage I: An uncommon father
We knew early in our life that the atmosphere in our home was different from that in many other homes, where husbands and wives quarrel and where there was drunkenness, laziness or indifference — things we never saw in our family. We chafed and grumbled at the strictness of my father's regime. We went to hide whenever we broke the rules too visibly. We knew, nevertheless, that our parents wanted good things for us. Some of these, such as the insistence on our going to school and never missing a day, we accepted readily enough, although, like most other children, we occasionally yielded to the temptation to play truant. However, in other cases such as their effort to keep us out of contact with the difficult life — the drinking and fighting and beer-brewing and gambling — their failure was inevitable. They could not keep us insulated. By the time we moved about, we were already seeing things with their eyes and judging things by the standards we had absorbed from them.

It was borne in on me and my brothers at a very early age that our father was an uncommon man. For one thing, in most African families, work around the home was women's work. So we were vastly impressed by the fact that whenever my mother was away, my father could and did do all her jobs — cooking, cleaning and looking after us. We lived in this way in a community in which housework was regarded as being beneath male dignity. Even in families which, like ours, produced boy after boy — our sister came fifth — it simply meant that the mother carried a greater and greater burden of work. In our family, nevertheless, the boys did girls' work and my father did it with us.

One of the prime chores of life in the family was fetching water from the pump down the street, some two hundred metres from our door. Since the pump was not unlocked until six in the morning and there was always crowding, a system had developed whereby you got out before dawn, placed your twenty-litre tin in line, and then went home, returning latter to take your place. Often, of course, tins would be moved back in line and others moved ahead. This could be corrected if none of those in front were too big a challenge.

When taps were substituted for the pumps, the first one installed was nearly a kilometre away from our house and we had to make the trek with the water tins balanced on our heads — an indignity because this was the way girls, not proud males, carried their burdens. All the children in the neighbourhood knew we did women's work and I can still hear their derisive laughter. We did our jobs doggedly, that notwithstanding, because our father and mother expected it of us. Out of choice, our father did everything we did, including fetching water on occasion, and commanded us by sheer force of his example.

Which of the following describes the father's role in the family?

  1. A.being too hard on the children.
  2. B.serving the children.
  3. C.leading by example.
  4. D.usurping his wife's role in the family.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (leading by example.)

Explanation

The father did the housework and fetched water with his sons, and 'commanded us by sheer force of his example'. He led by example.

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Question 2

Comprehension

By describing his father as an uncommon man, the writer means that he is

  1. A.strict
  2. B.kind
  3. C.amenable
  4. D.remarkable.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (remarkable.)

Explanation

'Uncommon' here means unusual in a way that impresses: unlike most men around him, he did 'women's work'. That makes him remarkable.

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Question 3

Comprehension

A suitable title for the passage is

  1. A.The Unusual Parent
  2. B.A Village Life
  3. C.An Experience in Early Life
  4. D.The Problem of Water
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (The Unusual Parent)

Explanation

The passage is mainly about how the writer's father was different from other fathers, so 'The Unusual Parent' fits best.

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Question 4

Comprehension

The word atmosphere, as used in the first paragraph of the passage, means

  1. A.pattern
  2. B.preference
  3. C.unity
  4. D.disposition.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (pattern)

Explanation

'Atmosphere' here refers to the general way life was lived in the home, its pattern, which was different from the quarrelling and drunkenness of other homes.

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Question 6

Comprehension
JAMB 2004 Passage II: The wolf and the lamb
A wolf, seeing a lamb drinking from a river, wanted to find a pretext for devouring him. He stood higher up the stream and accused the lamb of muddying the water so that he could not drink. The lamb said that he drank only with the tip of his tongue, and that in any case he was standing lower down the river, and could not possibly disturb the water higher up. When this excuse failed him, the wolf said: 'Well, last year you insulted my father.' 'I wasn't even born then,' replied the lamb.

'You are good at finding answers,' said the wolf, 'but what do you mean by taking up so much of the path where I am walking?' The lamb, frightened at the wolf's angry tone and terrible aspect, told him, with all due submission, that he could not conceive how his walking on such a wide path could occasion him any inconvenience. 'What!' exclaimed the wolf, seemingly in great anger and indignation. 'You are as impudent as your father who seized me by the throat last year, and caused me to be kept in a cage for three months.'

'If you will believe me,' said the lamb, 'my parents are poor simple creatures who live entirely by green stuff; we are none of us hunters of your species.' 'Ah! I see it's no use talking to you,' said the wolf, drawing up close to him. 'It runs in the blood of your family to hate us wolves, and therefore, as we have come so conveniently together, I'll just pay off a few of your forefathers' scores before we part.' So saying, he leapt at the lamb from behind and garotted him.

Adapted from Bennett, C.H. (1978)

The expression when this excuse failed him suggests that the

  1. A.wolf only made up the charges levelled against the lamb
  2. B.lamb was more intelligent than the wolf
  3. C.lamb was prepared for the charges levelled against him
  4. D.wolf was uncertain of the charges levelled against the lamb.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (wolf only made up the charges levelled against the lamb)

Explanation

The wolf was looking for 'a pretext', and the writer calls his accusation an 'excuse'. This shows the charges were simply made up to justify eating the lamb.

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Question 7

Comprehension

The expression angry tone and terrible aspect refers to the wolf's

  1. A.sonorous voice and overbearing attitude
  2. B.towering size and thunderous voice
  3. C.harsh voice and menacing posture
  4. D.loud voice and fretting movement.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (harsh voice and menacing posture)

Explanation

'Tone' is the way the voice sounds (harsh and angry) and 'aspect' is the way he looked (frightening, menacing).

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Question 8

Comprehension

Which of the following aptly describes the moral of the story?

  1. A.the sins of the forefathers are visited upon the children no matter how long it takes.
  2. B.if you have made up your mind to hang your dog, any rope will do for the purpose.
  3. C.the law is weak in defence of the poor against the rich and mighty.
  4. D.no matter how highly placed he is in society, the unmindful lawbreaker will always meet his nemesis.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (if you have made up your mind to hang your dog, any rope will do for the purpose.)

Explanation

The wolf had already decided to eat the lamb and kept inventing reasons until one 'worked'. Someone set on doing harm will find any excuse.

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Question 9

Comprehension

From the way the story ended, it can be concluded that the

  1. A.lamb did not survive the encounter
  2. B.wolf and the lamb parted amicably
  3. C.wolf had encountered the lamb's parents
  4. D.lamb offended the wolf quite seriously.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (lamb did not survive the encounter)

Explanation

The wolf 'leapt at the lamb from behind and garotted him', so the lamb was killed.

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Question 10

Comprehension

The charges levelled against the lamb are

  1. A.greed, wandering, insolence and disrespect
  2. B.exuberance, pollution, wickedness and stubbornness
  3. C.garrulity, loquacity, pride and arrogance
  4. D.pollution, insolence, obstruction and aggression.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (pollution, insolence, obstruction and aggression.)

Explanation

The wolf accused the lamb of muddying the water (pollution), insulting his father (insolence), taking up the path (obstruction) and his family's attack (aggression).

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Question 11

Comprehension
JAMB 2004 Passage III: Capitalism (cloze)
Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The —11— [A. protagonists B. antagonists C. determiners D. attorneys] of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic —12— [A. exploitation B. manipulation C. manoeuvring D. freedom]. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he —13— [A. sells B. buys C. fancies D. manufactures]; but the —14— [A. customer B. consumer C. controller D. marketer] is equally free to buy what he wants. There is a market mechanism under this system, which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and —15— [A. neutralize B. harmonize C. settle D. decide] the whims and caprice of both. It is this same —16— [A. market B. controlling C. operational D. production] mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total —17— [A. dividends B. interest C. output D. profit], in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized —18— [A. managers B. agents C. methods D. factors] of production - land, labour capital and organization. It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the —19— [A. pricing B. operations C. managers D. buyers and sellers] of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of —20— [A. conflict B. equidistance C. equilibrium D. opprobrium] between the producers and the consumers.

Adapted from The Guardian, October 5, 2003, p.10

Passage III, gap 11: The ________ (11) of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic (12).

  1. A.protagonists
  2. B.antagonists
  3. C.determiners
  4. D.attorneys
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (protagonists)

Explanation

Those who 'claim' good things for capitalism are its supporters, its protagonists. Antagonists would be its opponents.

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Question 12

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 12: The (11) of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic ________ (12).

  1. A.exploitation
  2. B.manipulation
  3. C.manoeuvring
  4. D.freedom
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (freedom)

Explanation

Capitalism is founded on 'free enterprise', and the next sentences say the producer and consumer are both free, so its characteristic is economic freedom.

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Question 13

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 13: The producer is free to produce whatever goods he ________ (13); but the (14) is equally free to buy what he wants.

  1. A.sells
  2. B.buys
  3. C.fancies
  4. D.manufactures
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (fancies)

Explanation

Being free to produce whatever goods he likes means whatever he fancies; 'manufactures' would repeat 'produce'.

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Question 14

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 14: … but the ________ (14) is equally free to buy what he wants.

  1. A.customer
  2. B.consumer
  3. C.controller
  4. D.marketer
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (consumer)

Explanation

The passage contrasts producer and consumer throughout ('brings the producer and consumer together').

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Question 15

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 15: … which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and ________ (15) the whims and caprice of both.

  1. A.neutralize
  2. B.harmonize
  3. C.settle
  4. D.decide
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (harmonize)

Explanation

The mechanism brings the two sides into agreement, so it harmonizes their wishes.

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Question 16

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 16: It is this same ________ (16) mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers …

  1. A.market
  2. B.controlling
  3. C.operational
  4. D.production
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (market)

Explanation

'This same' points back to the mechanism already named: 'There is a market mechanism under this system'.

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Question 17

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 17: … as well as what share of the total ________ (17), in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized (18) of production …

  1. A.dividends
  2. B.interest
  3. C.output
  4. D.profit
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (output)

Explanation

What is shared among land, labour, capital and organization is the total output of production. Interest and profit are only the shares of capital and organization.

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Question 18

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 18: … goes to each of the four recognized ________ (18) of production - land, labour capital and organization.

  1. A.managers
  2. B.agents
  3. C.methods
  4. D.factors
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (factors)

Explanation

Land, labour, capital and organization are the four factors of production.

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Question 19

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 19: … and that whatever injustice is done by the ________ (19) of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of (20) …

  1. A.pricing
  2. B.operations
  3. C.managers
  4. D.buyers and sellers
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (operations)

Explanation

Injustice is done by the way the mechanism works, that is, by its operations.

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Question 20

Comprehension

Passage III, gap 20: … this mechanism tends to bring about a state of ________ (20) between the producers and the consumers.

  1. A.conflict
  2. B.equidistance
  3. C.equilibrium
  4. D.opprobrium
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (equilibrium)

Explanation

The market is said to balance supply and demand, which is a state of equilibrium.

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Question 21

Comprehension
JAMB 2004 Passage IV: The moon
If, once in a lifetime, you see a blue moon, don't think your eyes are playing tricks on you. It's caused by dust in our upper atmosphere; ice crystals are what make you see rings round the moon.

Over the centuries, magical powers have been attributed to the moon. It has been said to bring on lunacy, affect the growth of plants, eyes of cats, spots of panthers, functions of women and activities of ghosts. France once had a law against cutting timber except during a waning moon. The moon, and to a lesser degree the sun, does cause the ocean tides because of their gravitational pull. But a common mistake of primitive people is to think that everything timed in the same rhythm as the moon is caused by it.

All the moon gazing, probing and measuring has never solved the big problem: its origin. One theory is that it began as a planet, got too near the more massive earth, was 'captured' and turned into a satellite. Another is that the moon is the result of a giant tidal bulge forming on our earth's surface, separating, then spinning off into space. If the latter theory is true, scientists say, there would be two clues: the moon would consist of lighter material than the earth, and the earth would be left with a scar. As a matter of fact, the moon does weigh less. And the Pacific Ocean does have a scarlike bottom of basaltic rocks instead of the granite rocks usually found near the earth's surface.

But the assumption that, if man can get to the moon, he'll find the answer is unfounded. Man has been on the earth hundreds of thousands of years without determining the earth's origin. Scientists, of course, will never give up either quest.

Indeed, for thousands of years the moon has worked a spell of fascination over all the people on its near neighbour, the earth. The ancient worshipped this lamp in the sky and speculated about it endlessly. Modern astronomers continue to explore its mysteries almost every night of the year, and with reason.

Ages ago, before artificial light was known, it was important as illumination at night. As everyone knows, the moon has no light of its own; it shines with the cold reflection of the distant sun, but actually the moon is a poor mirror, reflecting only a fourteenth of the sunlight received. The earth reflects a third of its sunlight providing its satellite with 'earth light' sixty times as bright as the best moonlight. That's why we sometimes see the whole moon faintly when the sun is lighting up only a narrow crescent.

The phrase near neighbour, as used in the passage, shows that

  1. A.moonlight generally shares many characteristics with 'earth light'
  2. B.moonlight shines brighter on the earth's surface than perhaps elsewhere
  3. C.the earth actually shares boundaries with the moon
  4. D.the earth is nearer to the moon than to the sun.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (the earth is nearer to the moon than to the sun.)

Explanation

'Near neighbour' means the earth is close to the moon in space, not that they touch. Of the options, only D states this closeness correctly: the moon is much nearer to the earth than the sun is.

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Question 22

Comprehension

The passage suggests that a blue moon is a

  1. A.trick of the moon
  2. B.regular event
  3. C.rare phenomenon
  4. D.life-long opportunity.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (rare phenomenon)

Explanation

The passage says you may see one 'once in a lifetime', so a blue moon is rare.

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Question 23

Comprehension

The sentence over the centuries, magical powers have been attributed to the moon suggests that

  1. A.it is a common belief that the moon has magical powers
  2. B.people perform magic with the moon
  3. C.the moon actually possesses magical powers
  4. D.the moon reflects magical powers from the sun's rays.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (it is a common belief that the moon has magical powers)

Explanation

'Attributed to' means people have believed the moon had these powers; it does not say the moon really has them.

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Question 24

Comprehension

The expression either quest refers to the origin of

  1. A.neither the moon nor the earth
  2. B.the moon or the earth
  3. C.the moon
  4. D.the earth.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (the moon or the earth)

Explanation

The two searches are for the origin of the moon and the origin of the earth; 'either quest' means each of the two.

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Question 25

Comprehension

A suitable title for the passage is

  1. A.The Magical Powers of the Moon
  2. B.The Lunar Cycle
  3. C.Facts about the Moon
  4. D.Moon-Gazing.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Facts about the Moon)

Explanation

The passage covers several facts: blue moons, tides, theories of the moon's origin and its light. 'Facts about the Moon' covers them all.

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Question 26

Spelling

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): I shall find time for my ________ when I get ________ with this difficult assignment.

  1. A.past-time/over
  2. B.pass-time/over
  3. C.passtime/through
  4. D.pastime/through
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (pastime/through)

Explanation

The word is spelt 'pastime', and 'get through with' means to finish.

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Question 27

Pronouns

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Agbo says he is not afraid of ________

  1. A.anybody
  2. B.nothing
  3. C.nobody
  4. D.no one
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (anybody)

Explanation

The sentence already has 'not', so we need 'anybody'; 'nobody' or 'nothing' would make a double negative.

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Question 28

Pronouns

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): It is ________ responsibility to look after their parents in old age.

  1. A.theirs'
  2. B.their
  3. C.theirs
  4. D.their's
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (their)

Explanation

Before a noun ('responsibility') we use the possessive adjective 'their'. 'Theirs' stands alone, and 'theirs'' and 'their's' are not words.

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Question 29

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): One needs to exemplify or ________ the aspect of the subject being discussed.

  1. A.supply
  2. B.declare
  3. C.satisfy
  4. D.demonstrate
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (demonstrate)

Explanation

To exemplify is to show by example, which goes naturally with 'demonstrate'.

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Question 30

Prepositions

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): ________ his illness, Muhammad could not come to school.

  1. A.with reference to
  2. B.referring to
  3. C.owing to
  4. D.due to
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (owing to)

Explanation

At the start of a sentence, meaning 'because of', standard usage is 'owing to'; 'due to' is used after a noun or 'be' (His absence was due to illness).

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Question 31

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): After so many trials, the experiment ________

  1. A.paid up
  2. B.paid for
  3. C.paid out
  4. D.paid off
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (paid off)

Explanation

'Pay off' means to succeed or bring good results.

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Question 32

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): People dislike Mariam because she is ________

  1. A.trickful
  2. B.trickish
  3. C.tricky
  4. D.a trickery
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (tricky)

Explanation

The adjective is 'tricky' (deceitful, cunning). 'Trickful' and 'trickish' are not standard, and 'trickery' is a noun that cannot take 'a'.

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Question 33

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The reporter said that the Honourable Speaker ________ impeached.

  1. A.is to be
  2. B.might have been
  3. C.may have being
  4. D.will have been
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (might have been)

Explanation

After 'said' (past), the reported possibility shifts back: 'might have been impeached'.

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Question 34

Pronouns

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Actually, he forgot the one to ________ the job was given.

  1. A.whom
  2. B.who
  3. C.whomever
  4. D.whoever
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (whom)

Explanation

After the preposition 'to' we use the object pronoun 'whom'.

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Question 35

Question Tags

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): You may not have heard the last word on the matter, ________?

  1. A.may you have
  2. B.haven't you
  3. C.have you
  4. D.mayn't have you
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (have you)

Explanation

A negative statement takes a positive tag using the auxiliary 'have': '… may not have heard …, have you?'

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Question 36

Spelling

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): All God's prophets were given the great ________ to preach salvation to people.

  1. A.commision
  2. B.commition
  3. C.comission
  4. D.commission
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (commission)

Explanation

The correct spelling is 'commission'.

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Question 37

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Ali goes to the stadium regularly, but he ________ to the church for months.

  1. A.hasn't been
  2. B.haven't been
  3. C.didn't go
  4. D.hadn't been
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (hasn't been)

Explanation

'For months' up to now needs the present perfect, and the singular 'he' takes 'hasn't been'.

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Question 38

Concord

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Each of the houses ________ a new look.

  1. A.have got
  2. B.have
  3. C.has
  4. D.were given
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (has)

Explanation

'Each' is singular, so it takes 'has'.

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Question 39

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The minister addressed the workers to boost their ________

  1. A.morale
  2. B.morality
  3. C.mural
  4. D.moral
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (morale)

Explanation

'Morale' means confidence and enthusiasm; 'moral' is about right and wrong.

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Question 40

Question Tags

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): He is not coming home, is he? ________, he isn't.

  1. A.yes
  2. B.no
  3. C.why
  4. D.now
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (no)

Explanation

The answer agrees with the negative ('he isn't'), so it must begin with 'No'.

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Question 41

Tenses

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The city ________ as a federal capital only ________ the last twenty years.

  1. A.has existed/for
  2. B.existed/over
  3. C.was existing/from
  4. D.is existing/in
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (has existed/for)

Explanation

An action continuing up to now over a period takes the present perfect with 'for': 'has existed … for the last twenty years'.

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Question 42

Spelling

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): No teacher of honour would subject his student to any form of ________

  1. A.harassement
  2. B.harassment
  3. C.harrasment
  4. D.harracement
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (harassment)

Explanation

The correct spelling is 'harassment' (one r, double s).

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Question 43

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): Each producer is able to place a price on his product by considering its ________

  1. A.worth
  2. B.choice
  3. C.judgement
  4. D.assessment
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (worth)

Explanation

A price is set by considering a product's worth, its value.

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Question 44

Concord

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The police claim that a number of stolen cars ________ recovered.

  1. A.has being
  2. B.is being
  3. C.has been
  4. D.have been
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (have been)

Explanation

'A number of' means 'several' and takes a plural verb: 'a number of stolen cars have been recovered'.

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Question 45

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The storm ________ havoc on several buildings in the village.

  1. A.wreaked
  2. B.wrecked
  3. C.made
  4. D.did
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (wreaked)

Explanation

The fixed expression is 'wreak havoc'; past tense 'wreaked'.

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Question 46

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The chairman refused to shake ________ with the secretary.

  1. A.hand
  2. B.his hand
  3. C.hands
  4. D.his hands
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (hands)

Explanation

The idiom is 'shake hands with someone'.

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Question 47

Verb Forms

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The poor widow who could not buy the clothes was seen ________ her wool into ________ yesterday.

  1. A.to spin/yards
  2. B.spinning/yarn
  3. C.making/tailoring
  4. D.to spill/clothes
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (spinning/yarn)

Explanation

After 'was seen' we use the -ing form, and wool is spun into yarn.

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Question 48

Conjunctions

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): He not only looked after the children when their parents died, ________ sponsored their education to university.

  1. A.but also
  2. B.also he
  3. C.but he
  4. D.also
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (but also)

Explanation

'Not only' is paired with 'but also'.

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Question 49

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): His supporters rallied round him in moments of ________

  1. A.criticism
  2. B.crisis
  3. C.acrimony
  4. D.disillusionment
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (crisis)

Explanation

People rally round someone to support them in times of trouble, that is, moments of crisis.

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Question 50

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s): The interpreter was wrong because he gave the congregation a ________ translation of the pastor's statement.

  1. A.literal
  2. B.unilateral
  3. C.literary
  4. D.lateral
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (literal)

Explanation

A word-for-word translation that misses the intended meaning is a literal translation.

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Question 52

Consonants

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: caused

  1. A.charged
  2. B.frost
  3. C.released
  4. D.realized
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (realized)

Explanation

The 'ed' in 'caused' is pronounced /d/ (and its 's' is /z/), exactly as in 'realized'. 'Released' ends in /st/ and 'frost' has no /d/ or /z/.

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Question 53

Consonants

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: mischief

  1. A.Christmas
  2. B.ritual
  3. C.brochure
  4. D.champagne
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (ritual)

Explanation

The 'ch' in 'mischief' is /tʃ/; the 't' in 'ritual' is also /tʃ/. 'Christmas' has /k/, and 'brochure' and 'champagne' have /ʃ/.

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Question 54

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: Everyone was ready to play the devil's advocate in the impeachment controversy.

  1. A.everyone was willing to speak against the impeachment to encourage discussion on it.
  2. B.everyone was willing to defend an unpopular point of view concerning the impeachment.
  3. C.everyone was willing to fight for the defenceless citizens no matter the consequences.
  4. D.everyone was willing to be an evil genius in the controversy.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (everyone was willing to speak against the impeachment to encourage discussion on it.)

Explanation

A devil's advocate argues against an idea, not necessarily out of belief, so that it is discussed properly.

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Question 55

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: Adamu's father is a key figure in that ministry

  1. A.the ministry trusts Adamu's father as a central figure.
  2. B.Adamu's father is a figurehead in the ministry.
  3. C.Adamu's father's position is essential in the ministry
  4. D.Adamu's father keeps the key to the ministry.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Adamu's father's position is essential in the ministry)

Explanation

A 'key figure' is a very important person, so his position is essential. A figurehead has a title but no real power.

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Question 56

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: The government warns that drink-driving is punishable under the law.

  1. A.a drunkard driving can be punished.
  2. B.driving while drunk is an offence.
  3. C.driving while drinking is an offence.
  4. D.drinking and driving is an offence.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (driving while drunk is an offence.)

Explanation

'Drink-driving' means driving after drinking too much alcohol, and 'punishable under the law' means it is an offence.

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Question 57

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: In many countries, democracy is ostensibly practised.

  1. A.democracy is indeed being practised in many countries
  2. B.many countries have effective democracy
  3. C.many countries have democracy in practice
  4. D.democracy is apparently practised in many countries.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (democracy is apparently practised in many countries.)

Explanation

'Ostensibly' means apparently, seemingly but perhaps not really.

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Question 58

Sentence Interpretation

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence: The investigators stated clearly that they had reached a dead end in their scrutiny of suspects in the murder case.

  1. A.the investigators did not know what to do with the suspects' murder.
  2. B.the investigators had evidence to sentence the suspects to death in the end.
  3. C.there was no further progress in the investigation of the murder suspects.
  4. D.the end had come for the suspects in the murder case.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (there was no further progress in the investigation of the murder suspects.)

Explanation

A 'dead end' is a point where no further progress can be made.

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Question 59

Word Stress

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.

  1. A.secondment
  2. B.orthopaedic
  3. C.oriental
  4. D.photographic
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (secondment)

Explanation

'seCONDment' is stressed on the second syllable; 'orthoPAEdic', 'oriENtal' and 'photoGRAphic' are stressed on the third.

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Question 60

Word Stress

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.

  1. A.ratify
  2. B.famous
  3. C.result
  4. D.taxi
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (result)

Explanation

'reSULT' is stressed on the second syllable; 'RAtify', 'FAmous' and 'TAxi' on the first.

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Question 61

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Sailors are unusually dauntless in their exploits.

  1. A.selfless
  2. B.ruthless
  3. C.excited
  4. D.frightened
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (frightened)

Explanation

'Dauntless' means fearless, so the opposite is 'frightened'.

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Question 62

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The potency of the drug has been acknowledged

  1. A.action
  2. B.loss
  3. C.inefficacy
  4. D.power
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (inefficacy)

Explanation

'Potency' means strength or effectiveness; 'inefficacy' means not working.

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Question 63

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The dictator wanted tractable men in his cabinet.

  1. A.reliable
  2. B.intelligent
  3. C.tough
  4. D.unruly
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (unruly)

Explanation

'Tractable' means easy to control, so the opposite is 'unruly' (hard to control).

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Question 64

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: After the war, the victors became increasingly vindictive.

  1. A.friendly
  2. B.vociferous
  3. C.arrogant
  4. D.treacherous
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (friendly)

Explanation

'Vindictive' means wanting revenge; the opposite among the options is 'friendly'.

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Question 65

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The ship was imperilled by high winds.

  1. A.piloted
  2. B.destroyed
  3. C.deceived
  4. D.saved
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (saved)

Explanation

'Imperilled' means put in danger; 'saved' means kept safe.

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Question 66

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Beauty queens sometimes wear outlandish dresses.

  1. A.beautiful
  2. B.flashy
  3. C.familiar
  4. D.attractive
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (familiar)

Explanation

'Outlandish' means strange and unusual, so the opposite is 'familiar'.

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Question 67

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The journalist said he was working freelance.

  1. A.tirelessly
  2. B.satisfactorily
  3. C.without a pay
  4. D.dependently
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (dependently)

Explanation

A freelance worker works independently, not employed by one company; the opposite is 'dependently'.

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Question 68

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: My father's presentation was rather casual.

  1. A.formal
  2. B.vital
  3. C.informal
  4. D.divisive
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (formal)

Explanation

'Casual' means relaxed and informal; the opposite is 'formal'.

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Question 69

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The Flying Eagles put up a plucky defence against their opponents.

  1. A.strong
  2. B.weak
  3. C.careless
  4. D.tactful
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (weak)

Explanation

'Plucky' means brave and determined; the opposite is 'weak'.

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Question 70

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The man who scared the girl was a bit deranged

  1. A.sane
  2. B.amorous
  3. C.crazy
  4. D.dangerous
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (sane)

Explanation

'Deranged' means mentally disturbed; the opposite is 'sane'.

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Question 71

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The injured man is determined to get back at his assailant.

  1. A.attack
  2. B.identify
  3. C.visit
  4. D.forgive
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (forgive)

Explanation

'Get back at' means take revenge on; the opposite is 'forgive'.

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Question 72

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The player writhed in pain after the fall.

  1. A.remained still
  2. B.cried out
  3. C.walked out
  4. D.shook violently
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (remained still)

Explanation

To writhe is to twist the body about; the opposite is to remain still.

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Question 73

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The noise of the fans unnerved the star player.

  1. A.refreshed
  2. B.confused
  3. C.helped
  4. D.calmed
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (calmed)

Explanation

'Unnerved' means made nervous; the opposite is 'calmed'.

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Question 74

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The team got an ecstatic welcome from the crowd.

  1. A.an unexpected
  2. B.a joyous
  3. C.a cold
  4. D.a thunderous
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (a cold)

Explanation

An ecstatic welcome is extremely joyful and warm; the opposite is a cold welcome.

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Question 75

Antonyms

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: We found a shady place for the display.

  1. A.an open
  2. B.an unsafe
  3. C.a sunny
  4. D.an enclosed
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (an open)

Explanation

A shady place is sheltered from the sun; an open place is exposed.

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Question 76

Word Stress

Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The stressed syllables are written in capital letters: expostulate

  1. A.exposTUlate
  2. B.EXpostulate
  3. C.expostuLATE
  4. D.exPOStulate
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (exPOStulate)

Explanation

'Expostulate' is stressed on the second syllable: ex-POS-tu-late.

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Question 77

Word Stress

Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The stressed syllables are written in capital letters: sufficiency

  1. A.sufFIciency
  2. B.sufficienCY
  3. C.SUFficiency
  4. D.suffiCIENcy
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (sufFIciency)

Explanation

'Sufficiency' is stressed on the second syllable: suf-FI-cien-cy.

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Question 78

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The town was in such a turmoil that the dance was called off.

  1. A.mourning state
  2. B.rainy state
  3. C.state of darkness
  4. D.state of confusion
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (state of confusion)

Explanation

'Turmoil' is a state of great disturbance and confusion.

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Question 79

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The festivals create in the people a feeling of pride in their cultural heritage.

  1. A.history
  2. B.heirloom
  3. C.legacy
  4. D.possession
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (legacy)

Explanation

Heritage is what is passed down from earlier generations, a legacy.

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Question 80

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Funnily enough, the priest prayed for the robber who shot him.

  1. A.Timidly
  2. B.Unexpectedly
  3. C.Disappointingly
  4. D.Fearlessly.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (Unexpectedly)

Explanation

'Funnily enough' introduces something surprising, so it means 'unexpectedly'.

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Question 81

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The presence of the captain makes the sailors ill at ease.

  1. A.uncomfortable
  2. B.sickly
  3. C.impatient
  4. D.easily ill
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (uncomfortable)

Explanation

'Ill at ease' means uncomfortable or uneasy, not sick.

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Question 82

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The press described the efforts of the government in pejorative terms.

  1. A.critical
  2. B.contemptible
  3. C.palpable
  4. D.superlative
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (critical)

Explanation

'Pejorative' words express disapproval, so they are critical.

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Question 83

Idioms and Phrasal Verbs

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Okonkwo manages his household with a heavy hand.

  1. A.like a powerful dictator
  2. B.using the cane on every occasion
  3. C.without tolerating weakness
  4. D.like a heavyweight champion.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (without tolerating weakness)

Explanation

To rule 'with a heavy hand' is to be very strict and harsh, not tolerating weakness.

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Question 84

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The school's badge is the insignia of office for all the prefects in the school.

  1. A.power
  2. B.symbol
  3. C.seal
  4. D.recognition
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (symbol)

Explanation

An insignia is a badge or sign that shows rank or office, a symbol.

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Question 85

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: Ibro shows enough liberality with his meagre income.

  1. A.generosity
  2. B.frugality
  3. C.prodigality
  4. D.insensitivity
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (generosity)

Explanation

'Liberality' means generosity in giving.

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Question 86

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: It is a misnomer to call three thousand naira a living wage.

  1. A.an incontrovertible assertion
  2. B.an appropriate term
  3. C.a wrong description
  4. D.a mishmash
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (a wrong description)

Explanation

A misnomer is a wrong or unsuitable name for something.

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Question 87

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: His plans boomeranged on him.

  1. A.bounced
  2. B.fell
  3. C.catapulted
  4. D.backfired
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (backfired)

Explanation

A plan that boomerangs comes back to hurt the planner, that is, it backfires.

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Question 88

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The manager's knowledge of the strike is of the utmost importance.

  1. A.standard
  2. B.genuine
  3. C.paramount
  4. D.basic
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (paramount)

Explanation

'Of the utmost importance' means of the greatest importance, which is 'paramount'.

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Question 89

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: There has been a downturn in the affairs of the company.

  1. A.a massive increase
  2. B.little progress
  3. C.a turn-around
  4. D.a decline
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (a decline)

Explanation

A downturn is a fall or decline in activity.

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Question 90

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The mottled skin of a person with HIV indicates an advanced stage of its development.

  1. A.brown
  2. B.spotted
  3. C.scaly
  4. D.pimply
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (spotted)

Explanation

'Mottled' means marked with patches or spots of colour.

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Question 91

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: In spite of constant financial support from his father, Udenyi treats his studies with considerable levity.

  1. A.seriousness
  2. B.enthusiasm
  3. C.wastefulness
  4. D.lassitude
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (lassitude)

Explanation

'Levity' means treating something without seriousness. Of the options, 'lassitude' (lack of energy and interest) is closest; 'seriousness' is the opposite.

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Question 92

Synonyms

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics: The prosecutor was fully able to substantiate the charge.

  1. A.expatiate on
  2. B.prove
  3. C.dismiss
  4. D.weaken
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (prove)

Explanation

To substantiate a charge is to support it with evidence, that is, to prove it.

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Question 93

Emphatic Stress and Intonation

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given sentence relates: The teacher wants MY pen.

  1. A.Does the teacher want his pen?
  2. B.What does the teacher want?
  3. C.Does the teacher want your ruler?
  4. D.Who wants my pen?
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (Does the teacher want his pen?)

Explanation

Stressing MY corrects whose pen it is, answering 'Does the teacher want his pen?'

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Question 94

Emphatic Stress and Intonation

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given sentence relates: The student BOUGHT the book.

  1. A.Who bought the book?
  2. B.Did the student steal the book?
  3. C.What did the student buy?
  4. D.How will the student get the book?
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (Did the student steal the book?)

Explanation

Stressing BOUGHT contrasts it with another action, answering 'Did the student steal the book?'

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Question 95

Vowels

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: nine

  1. A.pint
  2. B.gill
  3. C.pin
  4. D.click
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (pint)

Explanation

'Nine' has /aɪ/, as in 'pint'; the others have /ɪ/.

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Question 96

Vowels

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined: bear

  1. A.beer
  2. B.steer
  3. C.rare
  4. D.fear
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (rare)

Explanation

'Bear' has /eə/, as in 'rare'. 'Beer', 'steer' and 'fear' have /ɪə/.

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Question 97

Word Stress

Choose the option that has the stress on the first syllable.

  1. A.circulation
  2. B.eleven
  3. C.impossible
  4. D.criticism
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (criticism)

Explanation

'CRIticism' is stressed on the first syllable. 'circuLAtion', 'eLEven' and 'imPOSsible' are not.

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Question 98

Word Stress

Choose the option that has the stress on the first syllable.

  1. A.bachelor
  2. B.condemn
  3. C.afternoon
  4. D.intact
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (bachelor)

Explanation

'BAchelor' is stressed on the first syllable; 'conDEMN', 'afterNOON' and 'inTACT' are not.

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Question 99

Vowels

Choose the option that has a different vowel sound from the others.

  1. A.foul
  2. B.tout
  3. C.owl
  4. D.foe
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (foe)

Explanation

'Foul', 'tout' and 'owl' have /aʊ/; 'foe' has /əʊ/.

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Question 100

Vowels

Choose the option that has a different vowel sound from the others.

  1. A.alter
  2. B.water
  3. C.pot
  4. D.hall
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (pot)

Explanation

'Alter', 'water' and 'hall' have the long /ɔː/; 'pot' has the short /ɒ/.

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