JAMB Government 2009 past questions and answers

49 questions. Try each one, then open the answer to check yourself and read the explanation.

Question 1

The State and Government

The Inspector General of Police is appointed by the executive on the advice of the

  1. A.Nigerian Police Council
  2. B.Police Service Commission
  3. C.House of Representatives
  4. D.Senate of the Federal Republic.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (Nigerian Police Council)

Explanation

Under the 1999 Constitution the President appoints the Inspector-General of Police on the advice of the Nigeria Police Council; the Police Service Commission handles other police appointments and discipline.

Open this question

Question 3

Colonial Administration

The six African members of the Nigeria Council were nominated by the

  1. A.Queen
  2. B.district officers
  3. C.natives
  4. D.governor.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (governor.)

Explanation

Lugard's Nigerian Council (1914) was an advisory body whose few African members were all nominated by the Governor-General, not elected.

Open this question

Question 4

Legislature

In the Second Republic, the total membership of each House of Assembly was determined by the

  1. A.electoral commission
  2. B.political parties
  3. C.constitution
  4. D.electorate.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (constitution)

Explanation

The 1979 Constitution fixed each State House of Assembly at three times the state's number of seats in the House of Representatives.

Open this question

Question 5

Public Corporations

Privatization and commercialization programmes in Nigeria have

  1. A.increased public utilities
  2. B.de-emphasized government ownership
  3. C.reduced government revenue
  4. D.encouraged corruption.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (de-emphasized government ownership)

Explanation

These programmes reduced the role of government as owner of businesses, transferring ownership or running methods to the private sector.

Open this question

Question 6

Nigerian Federalism

The fear of domination in the public service led to the

  1. A.adoption of population as a formula for revenue allocation
  2. B.establishment of the Civil Service Commission
  3. C.introduction of rotational presidency
  4. D.establishment of the Federal Character Commission.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (establishment of the Federal Character Commission.)

Explanation

The Federal Character Commission makes sure jobs and appointments in the public service are spread fairly among states and groups.

Open this question

Question 7

Pre-colonial Political Systems

In the Igbo political system, the most senior member of the council of elders is the

  1. A.okpara
  2. B.obi
  3. C.eze
  4. D.ofo.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (okpara)

Explanation

The Okpara, the eldest man of the lineage, held the Ofo staff (symbol of authority) and led the council of elders.

Open this question

Question 8

Military Rule

The immediate cause of the 1966 military coup d'etat in Nigeria was

  1. A.nepotism
  2. B.political instability
  3. C.military ambition
  4. D.corruption.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (political instability)

Explanation

The crisis after the 1964 federal and 1965 Western elections led to violence and breakdown of order, which the coup plotters used to justify the coup.

Open this question

Question 9

Federal, Unitary and Confederal Systems

The exclusive list is reserved for legislation by the

  1. A.regional government
  2. B.state government
  3. C.local government
  4. D.federal government.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (federal government.)

Explanation

Only the federal government can make laws on items in the exclusive list, such as defence, currency and foreign affairs.

Open this question

Question 10

Nationalism

The participation of Nigerians in the Second World War created in the nationalists the awareness that the

  1. A.Africans were superior
  2. B.Africans were more qualified to rule
  3. C.Europeans were not superior
  4. D.Europeans were less tactful in warfare.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Europeans were not superior)

Explanation

Fighting beside Europeans, African soldiers saw that they were ordinary people who could be beaten, which destroyed the myth of white superiority.

Open this question

Question 11

Public Corporations

Which of the following mostly militates against the efficiency and productivity of public corporations in Nigeria?

  1. A.Incessant interference by government.
  2. B.The management teams are always appointed at will.
  3. C.Boards are often non-professionals.
  4. D.Members of the management team are always at loggerheads.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (Incessant interference by government.)

Explanation

Frequent government interference in appointments, pricing and day-to-day running stops public corporations from operating efficiently.

Open this question

Question 12

Judiciary

The power to nominate members of the judiciary at the federal level under the 1999 Constitution is vested in the

  1. A.Federal Judicial Service Commission
  2. B.Supreme Court
  3. C.National Judicial Council
  4. D.Nigerian Bar Association.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (National Judicial Council)

Explanation

The National Judicial Council recommends people for appointment as senior federal judges, and the President then appoints them.

Open this question

Question 13

Local Government

Prior to 1976, the local government system practised in Northern Nigeria was

  1. A.chief-and-council
  2. B.chief-in-council
  3. C.prefectorial
  4. D.council.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (chief-in-council)

Explanation

In the North the emir governed as chief-in-council: he consulted his council but could act against its advice.

Open this question

Question 14

Pre-colonial Political Systems

In the segmented Tiv society, governance was usually confined to the

  1. A.age grade
  2. B.chiefdom
  3. C.family
  4. D.clan.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (clan.)

Explanation

The Tiv had no central ruler; authority lay with elders of each lineage and clan.

Open this question

Question 15

Nationalism

Which of the following influenced nationalist activities in Nigeria?

  1. A.Indian Congress Party.
  2. B.Negro Diaspora Congress.
  3. C.Pan-African Congress.
  4. D.National Congress of British West Africa.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (National Congress of British West Africa.)

Explanation

The National Congress of British West Africa (1920) was an early nationalist body that demanded reforms and inspired Nigerian nationalists.

Open this question

Question 16

Political Parties and Party Systems

The party that did not control any state in the Second Republic was

  1. A.NAP
  2. B.PRP
  3. C.NPP
  4. D.GNPP.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (NAP)

Explanation

The Nigeria Advance Party, registered only for the 1983 elections, won no state. The PRP, NPP and GNPP all won states in 1979.

Open this question

Question 17

Colonial Administration

'Pacification' refers to a process through which some areas in Nigeria were acquired by

  1. A.military conquest
  2. B.gunboat diplomacy
  3. C.signing of treaties
  4. D.peaceful negotiation.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (military conquest)

Explanation

Despite its peaceful-sounding name, "pacification" meant using military force to conquer areas that resisted British rule.

Open this question

Question 18

Nigeria's Foreign Policy

Counter-trade was introduced by the government led by

  1. A.Abdulsalami Abubakar
  2. B.Olusegun Obasanjo
  3. C.Muhammadu Buhari
  4. D.Ibrahim Babangida.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Muhammadu Buhari)

Explanation

Buhari's regime (1984-85) bartered crude oil for imports (counter-trade) because of foreign exchange shortages.

Open this question

Question 19

The Commonwealth

A major limitation of the Commonwealth is that it lacks

  1. A.the power to set formal rules to govern the affairs of member-nations.
  2. B.an organizational structure and a definite identity
  3. C.enough funds to run its affairs
  4. D.the power to compel member-nations to comply with its decisions.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (the power to compel member-nations to comply with its decisions.)

Explanation

The Commonwealth is a voluntary association and cannot force members to obey its decisions.

Open this question

Question 20

ECOWAS

Which of the following countries has withdrawn her membership of the ECOWAS?

  1. A.Senegal
  2. B.Mauritania.
  3. C.Guinea Bissau.
  4. D.Burkina Faso.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (Mauritania.)

Explanation

Mauritania left ECOWAS in 2000. (Much later, in January 2025, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger also withdrew, but when this paper was set Mauritania was the only one.)

Open this question

Question 21

OPEC and Other International Organisations

Which of the following is a major threat to OPEC?

  1. A.Persistence of war in the Middle East.
  2. B.The discovery of crude oil in more countries.
  3. C.Antagonism by the major world powers.
  4. D.Development of viable alternatives to crude oil.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (Development of viable alternatives to crude oil.)

Explanation

If the world switches to other energy sources such as solar, wind or electric vehicles, demand for OPEC's oil will fall.

Open this question

Question 22

OAU and African Union

The AU's right to intervene in a member country in crisis portrays it as

  1. A.an international organization
  2. B.a regional organization
  3. C.a supranational organization
  4. D.a continental organization.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (a supranational organization)

Explanation

The AU Constitutive Act lets it intervene in a member state in grave cases, showing authority above the state: a supranational feature.

Open this question

Question 23

League of Nations and United Nations

The permanent membership of the UN Security Council is

  1. A.ten
  2. B.fifteen
  3. C.five
  4. D.eleven.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (five)

Explanation

There are five permanent members: the USA, Russia, China, Britain and France. The Council has 15 members in all.

Open this question

Question 24

Constitutions and Constitutionalism

An advantage of flexible constitution is that it allows for

  1. A.political awareness
  2. B.constitutional stability
  3. C.reduction of ambiguities
  4. D.ease of amendment.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (ease of amendment.)

Explanation

A flexible constitution can be amended by the ordinary law-making process, so it adapts easily to new situations.

Open this question

Question 25

Power, Authority, Legitimacy and Sovereignty

Power refers to the

  1. A.ability to impose one's will upon others
  2. B.legal nature of a constitution
  3. C.duties political parties demand of their registered members
  4. D.duties an individual imposes on himself.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (ability to impose one's will upon others)

Explanation

Power is the ability to make others do what you want, even against their will.

Open this question

Question 26

Legislature

Prorogation is the bringing of a session of a parliament to an end through

  1. A.royal proclamation
  2. B.final reading
  3. C.guillotine
  4. D.impeachment
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (royal proclamation)

Explanation

In the parliamentary system the head of state ends a session of parliament (prorogation) by proclamation.

Open this question

Question 27

Franchise, Elections and Electoral Systems

The right of all eligible citizens to vote and be voted for is referred to as

  1. A.gender equality
  2. B.political mandate
  3. C.restricted franchise
  4. D.universal suffrage.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (universal suffrage.)

Explanation

Universal (adult) suffrage gives every qualified adult the right to vote and stand for election.

Open this question

Question 28

Political Culture and Socialization

Values, beliefs and orientation of a political system are internalized through

  1. A.political culture
  2. B.political socialization
  3. C.political development
  4. D.political power.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (political socialization)

Explanation

Political socialization is the process by which people learn and absorb the political values and beliefs of their society.

Open this question

Question 29

Pressure Groups

Occupational pressure groups pursue their objectives mainly by

  1. A.issuing ultimatums and embarking on strikes
  2. B.alienating the government
  3. C.embarking on guerrilla warfare
  4. D.contesting elections.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (issuing ultimatums and embarking on strikes)

Explanation

Trade unions and professional bodies press their demands with ultimatums and, if ignored, strikes.

Open this question

Question 30

Presidential and Parliamentary Systems

In a cabinet system, the legislature comprises the

  1. A.prime minister and members of the parliament
  2. B.prime minister and members of the jury
  3. C.prime minister and ministers
  4. D.president and ministers.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (prime minister and members of the parliament)

Explanation

In the cabinet (parliamentary) system the prime minister is himself a member of parliament, sitting with the other elected members.

Open this question

Question 31

Legislature

The committee that scrutinizes budget proposals in the legislature is the

  1. A.Rules and Business Committee
  2. B.Public Accounts Committee
  3. C.Finance Committee
  4. D.Appropriation Committee.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (Appropriation Committee.)

Explanation

The Appropriation Committee examines the budget (appropriation bill). The Public Accounts Committee checks how money was spent afterwards.

Open this question

Question 32

Democracy and Representative Government

Democracy is a system of government that is

  1. A.constituted by the will of the majority of the citizens
  2. B.imposed on the majority of the citizens
  3. C.designed to favour the elite
  4. D.put in place to favour the party caucus.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (constituted by the will of the majority of the citizens)

Explanation

In a democracy the government is chosen by, and rests on, the will of the majority of citizens.

Open this question

Question 33

Political Ideologies

Collective ownership of property is associated with

  1. A.feudalism
  2. B.communism
  3. C.mercantilism
  4. D.capitalism.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (communism)

Explanation

Communism abolishes private ownership of the means of production and puts property under collective ownership.

Open this question

Question 34

Civil Service

The agency responsible for investigating allegations of maladministration in the civil service is the

  1. A.Federal Civil Service Commission
  2. B.Code of Conduct Bureau
  3. C.Public Complaints Commission
  4. D.Federal Character Commission.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Public Complaints Commission)

Explanation

The Public Complaints Commission (Nigeria's ombudsman) looks into complaints of injustice and maladministration by public officials.

Open this question

Question 35

The State and Government

A political entity that possesses independence is a

  1. A.community
  2. B.nation
  3. C.society
  4. D.state.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (state.)

Explanation

A state is sovereign and independent; a nation, community or society need not be.

Open this question

Question 36

Constitutions and Constitutionalism

The principle that advocates strict adherence to the fundamental laws of a country is

  1. A.constitutionalism
  2. B.individual responsibility
  3. C.absolutism
  4. D.collective responsibility.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (constitutionalism)

Explanation

Constitutionalism means that government must act within the limits set by the constitution.

Open this question

Question 37

Federal, Unitary and Confederal Systems

One advantage of the unitary system over the federal system is its

  1. A.bureaucratic nature
  2. B.cost effectiveness
  3. C.small membership
  4. D.ratification of appointments.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (cost effectiveness)

Explanation

A unitary state has one main government instead of many, so it costs less to run than a federation.

Open this question

Question 38

Franchise, Elections and Electoral Systems

Which of the following is a duty of an electoral commission?

  1. A.Registration of political parties.
  2. B.Creation of political parties.
  3. C.Establishment of electoral tribunals.
  4. D.Inauguration of the parliament.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (Registration of political parties.)

Explanation

Electoral commissions such as INEC register parties, register voters and conduct elections; they do not form parties.

Open this question

Question 39

Forms of Government

A form of government in which the nobles rule for the benefit of all is

  1. A.monarchy
  2. B.gerontocracy
  3. C.aristocracy
  4. D.plutocracy.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (aristocracy)

Explanation

Aristocracy is rule by a noble or "best" class, in theory for the good of everyone.

Open this question

Question 40

Political Ideologies

Fascism as an ideology facilitates

  1. A.totalitarianism
  2. B.socialism
  3. C.communalism
  4. D.liberalism.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (totalitarianism)

Explanation

Fascism puts total power in the state and its leader, controlling every part of life, which is totalitarianism.

Open this question

Question 41

Presidential and Parliamentary Systems

A prominent feature of a presidential system of government is

  1. A.dual executive
  2. B.vote of no confidence
  3. C.the rule of law
  4. D.separation of powers.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (separation of powers.)

Explanation

The presidential system keeps the executive, legislature and judiciary separate in membership and powers.

Open this question

Question 42

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

The executive checks the excesses of the legislature through

  1. A.assent to bills
  2. B.the use of veto power
  3. C.the ratification of treaties
  4. D.issuance of orders.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B (the use of veto power)

Explanation

The president can veto (refuse to sign) bills, so the legislature cannot pass any law it likes without his agreement.

Open this question

Question 43

Nationalism

The consciousness of a common identity of a people is called

  1. A.nationalism
  2. B.integration
  3. C.indoctrination
  4. D.emancipation.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (nationalism)

Explanation

Nationalism is a people's feeling of belonging together as one nation, often with a desire to rule themselves.

Open this question

Question 44

Citizenship, Rights and Duties

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that

  1. A.one is born and bred in the state
  2. B.one's mother was born in the state
  3. C.one's grandparents were citizens of that state
  4. D.one is domiciled in that state.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (one's grandparents were citizens of that state)

Explanation

Citizenship by descent depends on one's parents or grandparents being citizens of the country.

Open this question

Question 45

Judiciary

In order to dispense justice impartially, the judiciary primarily needs

  1. A.discipline
  2. B.logistics
  3. C.motivation
  4. D.independence.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (independence.)

Explanation

Judges can be fair only if they are free from pressure by the executive, the legislature or anyone else.

Open this question

Question 46

Political Parties and Party Systems

A state with a hegemonic political party is one in which

  1. A.there is one dominant party
  2. B.there is no opposition party
  3. C.there is only one party
  4. D.other parties are officially recognized.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A (there is one dominant party)

Explanation

A hegemonic party dominates politics and keeps winning, though other parties may exist.

Open this question

Question 47

Nigeria's Foreign Policy

Nigeria's commitment to the liberation of Africa could best be seen in her policy towards

  1. A.Namibia and Mozambique
  2. B.The Congo and Zimbabwe
  3. C.Sierra Leone and Chad
  4. D.South Africa and Angola.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (South Africa and Angola.)

Explanation

Nigeria fought apartheid in South Africa and in 1975 backed the MPLA to secure Angola's independence.

Open this question

Question 48

Nigeria's Foreign Policy

The set of policies on the basis of which countries interact with one another is called

  1. A.constructive engagement policy
  2. B.socio-economic policy
  3. C.national policy
  4. D.foreign policy.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (foreign policy.)

Explanation

Foreign policy is the set of principles and actions that guide a country's relations with other countries.

Open this question

Question 49

League of Nations and United Nations

Nigeria's membership of the UN complements her foreign policy in the area of

  1. A.bilateral diplomacy
  2. B.regional diplomacy
  3. C.sub-regional diplomacy
  4. D.multilateral diplomacy.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D (multilateral diplomacy.)

Explanation

The UN brings almost all countries together, so dealing through it is multilateral diplomacy.

Open this question

Question 50

Nigeria's Foreign Policy

Nigeria teamed up with other developing countries to assert a neutral posture under the platform of

  1. A.Nationalist Movement
  2. B.Pan-African Movement
  3. C.Non-aligned Movement
  4. D.Negritude Movement.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: C (Non-aligned Movement)

Explanation

The Non-Aligned Movement brought together developing countries that refused to take sides in the Cold War.

Open this question