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Question 1 The State and Government The Inspector General of Police is appointed by the executive on the advice of the
A. Nigerian Police Council B. Police Service Commission C. House of Representatives D. Senate of the Federal Republic. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (Nigerian Police Council )
Explanation Under the 1999 Constitution the President appoints the Inspector-General of Police on the advice of the Nigeria Police Council; the Police Service Commission handles other police appointments and discipline.
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Question 3 Colonial Administration The six African members of the Nigeria Council were nominated by the
A. Queen B. district officers C. natives D. governor. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (governor. )
Explanation Lugard's Nigerian Council (1914) was an advisory body whose few African members were all nominated by the Governor-General, not elected.
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Question 4 Legislature In the Second Republic, the total membership of each House of Assembly was determined by the
A. electoral commission B. political parties C. constitution D. electorate. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (constitution )
Explanation The 1979 Constitution fixed each State House of Assembly at three times the state's number of seats in the House of Representatives.
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Question 5 Public Corporations Privatization and commercialization programmes in Nigeria have
A. increased public utilities B. de-emphasized government ownership C. reduced government revenue D. encouraged corruption. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (de-emphasized government ownership )
Explanation These programmes reduced the role of government as owner of businesses, transferring ownership or running methods to the private sector.
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Question 6 Nigerian Federalism The fear of domination in the public service led to the
A. adoption of population as a formula for revenue allocation B. establishment of the Civil Service Commission C. introduction of rotational presidency D. establishment of the Federal Character Commission. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (establishment of the Federal Character Commission. )
Explanation The Federal Character Commission makes sure jobs and appointments in the public service are spread fairly among states and groups.
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Question 7 Pre-colonial Political Systems In the Igbo political system, the most senior member of the council of elders is the
A. okpara B. obi C. eze D. ofo. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (okpara )
Explanation The Okpara, the eldest man of the lineage, held the Ofo staff (symbol of authority) and led the council of elders.
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Question 8 Military Rule The immediate cause of the 1966 military coup d'etat in Nigeria was
A. nepotism B. political instability C. military ambition D. corruption. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (political instability )
Explanation The crisis after the 1964 federal and 1965 Western elections led to violence and breakdown of order, which the coup plotters used to justify the coup.
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Question 9 Federal, Unitary and Confederal Systems The exclusive list is reserved for legislation by the
A. regional government B. state government C. local government D. federal government. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (federal government. )
Explanation Only the federal government can make laws on items in the exclusive list, such as defence, currency and foreign affairs.
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Question 10 Nationalism The participation of Nigerians in the Second World War created in the nationalists the awareness that the
A. Africans were superior B. Africans were more qualified to rule C. Europeans were not superior D. Europeans were less tactful in warfare. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (Europeans were not superior )
Explanation Fighting beside Europeans, African soldiers saw that they were ordinary people who could be beaten, which destroyed the myth of white superiority.
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Question 11 Public Corporations Which of the following mostly militates against the efficiency and productivity of public corporations in Nigeria?
A. Incessant interference by government. B. The management teams are always appointed at will. C. Boards are often non-professionals. D. Members of the management team are always at loggerheads. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (Incessant interference by government. )
Explanation Frequent government interference in appointments, pricing and day-to-day running stops public corporations from operating efficiently.
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Question 12 Judiciary The power to nominate members of the judiciary at the federal level under the 1999 Constitution is vested in the
A. Federal Judicial Service Commission B. Supreme Court C. National Judicial Council D. Nigerian Bar Association. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (National Judicial Council )
Explanation The National Judicial Council recommends people for appointment as senior federal judges, and the President then appoints them.
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Question 13 Local Government Prior to 1976, the local government system practised in Northern Nigeria was
A. chief-and-council B. chief-in-council C. prefectorial D. council. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (chief-in-council )
Explanation In the North the emir governed as chief-in-council: he consulted his council but could act against its advice.
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Question 14 Pre-colonial Political Systems In the segmented Tiv society, governance was usually confined to the
A. age grade B. chiefdom C. family D. clan. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (clan. )
Explanation The Tiv had no central ruler; authority lay with elders of each lineage and clan.
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Question 15 Nationalism Which of the following influenced nationalist activities in Nigeria?
A. Indian Congress Party. B. Negro Diaspora Congress. C. Pan-African Congress. D. National Congress of British West Africa. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (National Congress of British West Africa. )
Explanation The National Congress of British West Africa (1920) was an early nationalist body that demanded reforms and inspired Nigerian nationalists.
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Question 16 Political Parties and Party Systems The party that did not control any state in the Second Republic was
A. NAP B. PRP C. NPP D. GNPP. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (NAP )
Explanation The Nigeria Advance Party, registered only for the 1983 elections, won no state. The PRP, NPP and GNPP all won states in 1979.
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Question 17 Colonial Administration 'Pacification' refers to a process through which some areas in Nigeria were acquired by
A. military conquest B. gunboat diplomacy C. signing of treaties D. peaceful negotiation. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (military conquest )
Explanation Despite its peaceful-sounding name, "pacification" meant using military force to conquer areas that resisted British rule.
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Question 18 Nigeria's Foreign Policy Counter-trade was introduced by the government led by
A. Abdulsalami Abubakar B. Olusegun Obasanjo C. Muhammadu Buhari D. Ibrahim Babangida. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (Muhammadu Buhari )
Explanation Buhari's regime (1984-85) bartered crude oil for imports (counter-trade) because of foreign exchange shortages.
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Question 19 The Commonwealth A major limitation of the Commonwealth is that it lacks
A. the power to set formal rules to govern the affairs of member-nations. B. an organizational structure and a definite identity C. enough funds to run its affairs D. the power to compel member-nations to comply with its decisions. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (the power to compel member-nations to comply with its decisions. )
Explanation The Commonwealth is a voluntary association and cannot force members to obey its decisions.
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Question 20 ECOWAS Which of the following countries has withdrawn her membership of the ECOWAS?
A. Senegal B. Mauritania. C. Guinea Bissau. D. Burkina Faso. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (Mauritania. )
Explanation Mauritania left ECOWAS in 2000. (Much later, in January 2025, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger also withdrew, but when this paper was set Mauritania was the only one.)
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Question 21 OPEC and Other International Organisations Which of the following is a major threat to OPEC?
A. Persistence of war in the Middle East. B. The discovery of crude oil in more countries. C. Antagonism by the major world powers. D. Development of viable alternatives to crude oil. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (Development of viable alternatives to crude oil. )
Explanation If the world switches to other energy sources such as solar, wind or electric vehicles, demand for OPEC's oil will fall.
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Question 22 OAU and African Union The AU's right to intervene in a member country in crisis portrays it as
A. an international organization B. a regional organization C. a supranational organization D. a continental organization. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (a supranational organization )
Explanation The AU Constitutive Act lets it intervene in a member state in grave cases, showing authority above the state: a supranational feature.
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Question 23 League of Nations and United Nations The permanent membership of the UN Security Council is
A. ten B. fifteen C. five D. eleven. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (five )
Explanation There are five permanent members: the USA, Russia, China, Britain and France. The Council has 15 members in all.
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Question 24 Constitutions and Constitutionalism An advantage of flexible constitution is that it allows for
A. political awareness B. constitutional stability C. reduction of ambiguities D. ease of amendment. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (ease of amendment. )
Explanation A flexible constitution can be amended by the ordinary law-making process, so it adapts easily to new situations.
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Question 25 Power, Authority, Legitimacy and Sovereignty Power refers to the
A. ability to impose one's will upon others B. legal nature of a constitution C. duties political parties demand of their registered members D. duties an individual imposes on himself. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (ability to impose one's will upon others )
Explanation Power is the ability to make others do what you want, even against their will.
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Question 26 Legislature Prorogation is the bringing of a session of a parliament to an end through
A. royal proclamation B. final reading C. guillotine D. impeachment Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (royal proclamation )
Explanation In the parliamentary system the head of state ends a session of parliament (prorogation) by proclamation.
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Question 27 Franchise, Elections and Electoral Systems The right of all eligible citizens to vote and be voted for is referred to as
A. gender equality B. political mandate C. restricted franchise D. universal suffrage. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (universal suffrage. )
Explanation Universal (adult) suffrage gives every qualified adult the right to vote and stand for election.
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Question 28 Political Culture and Socialization Values, beliefs and orientation of a political system are internalized through
A. political culture B. political socialization C. political development D. political power. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (political socialization )
Explanation Political socialization is the process by which people learn and absorb the political values and beliefs of their society.
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Question 29 Pressure Groups Occupational pressure groups pursue their objectives mainly by
A. issuing ultimatums and embarking on strikes B. alienating the government C. embarking on guerrilla warfare D. contesting elections. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (issuing ultimatums and embarking on strikes )
Explanation Trade unions and professional bodies press their demands with ultimatums and, if ignored, strikes.
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Question 30 Presidential and Parliamentary Systems In a cabinet system, the legislature comprises the
A. prime minister and members of the parliament B. prime minister and members of the jury C. prime minister and ministers D. president and ministers. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (prime minister and members of the parliament )
Explanation In the cabinet (parliamentary) system the prime minister is himself a member of parliament, sitting with the other elected members.
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Question 31 Legislature The committee that scrutinizes budget proposals in the legislature is the
A. Rules and Business Committee B. Public Accounts Committee C. Finance Committee D. Appropriation Committee. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (Appropriation Committee. )
Explanation The Appropriation Committee examines the budget (appropriation bill). The Public Accounts Committee checks how money was spent afterwards.
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Question 32 Democracy and Representative Government Democracy is a system of government that is
A. constituted by the will of the majority of the citizens B. imposed on the majority of the citizens C. designed to favour the elite D. put in place to favour the party caucus. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (constituted by the will of the majority of the citizens )
Explanation In a democracy the government is chosen by, and rests on, the will of the majority of citizens.
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Question 33 Political Ideologies Collective ownership of property is associated with
A. feudalism B. communism C. mercantilism D. capitalism. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (communism )
Explanation Communism abolishes private ownership of the means of production and puts property under collective ownership.
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Question 34 Civil Service The agency responsible for investigating allegations of maladministration in the civil service is the
A. Federal Civil Service Commission B. Code of Conduct Bureau C. Public Complaints Commission D. Federal Character Commission. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (Public Complaints Commission )
Explanation The Public Complaints Commission (Nigeria's ombudsman) looks into complaints of injustice and maladministration by public officials.
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Question 35 The State and Government A political entity that possesses independence is a
A. community B. nation C. society D. state. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (state. )
Explanation A state is sovereign and independent; a nation, community or society need not be.
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Question 36 Constitutions and Constitutionalism The principle that advocates strict adherence to the fundamental laws of a country is
A. constitutionalism B. individual responsibility C. absolutism D. collective responsibility. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (constitutionalism )
Explanation Constitutionalism means that government must act within the limits set by the constitution.
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Question 37 Federal, Unitary and Confederal Systems One advantage of the unitary system over the federal system is its
A. bureaucratic nature B. cost effectiveness C. small membership D. ratification of appointments. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (cost effectiveness )
Explanation A unitary state has one main government instead of many, so it costs less to run than a federation.
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Question 38 Franchise, Elections and Electoral Systems Which of the following is a duty of an electoral commission?
A. Registration of political parties. B. Creation of political parties. C. Establishment of electoral tribunals. D. Inauguration of the parliament. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (Registration of political parties. )
Explanation Electoral commissions such as INEC register parties, register voters and conduct elections; they do not form parties.
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Question 39 Forms of Government A form of government in which the nobles rule for the benefit of all is
A. monarchy B. gerontocracy C. aristocracy D. plutocracy. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (aristocracy )
Explanation Aristocracy is rule by a noble or "best" class, in theory for the good of everyone.
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Question 40 Political Ideologies Fascism as an ideology facilitates
A. totalitarianism B. socialism C. communalism D. liberalism. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (totalitarianism )
Explanation Fascism puts total power in the state and its leader, controlling every part of life, which is totalitarianism.
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Question 41 Presidential and Parliamentary Systems A prominent feature of a presidential system of government is
A. dual executive B. vote of no confidence C. the rule of law D. separation of powers. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (separation of powers. )
Explanation The presidential system keeps the executive, legislature and judiciary separate in membership and powers.
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Question 42 Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances The executive checks the excesses of the legislature through
A. assent to bills B. the use of veto power C. the ratification of treaties D. issuance of orders. Show the answer and explanation Answer: B (the use of veto power )
Explanation The president can veto (refuse to sign) bills, so the legislature cannot pass any law it likes without his agreement.
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Question 43 Nationalism The consciousness of a common identity of a people is called
A. nationalism B. integration C. indoctrination D. emancipation. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (nationalism )
Explanation Nationalism is a people's feeling of belonging together as one nation, often with a desire to rule themselves.
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Question 44 Citizenship, Rights and Duties Citizenship of a state by descent requires that
A. one is born and bred in the state B. one's mother was born in the state C. one's grandparents were citizens of that state D. one is domiciled in that state. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (one's grandparents were citizens of that state )
Explanation Citizenship by descent depends on one's parents or grandparents being citizens of the country.
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Question 45 Judiciary In order to dispense justice impartially, the judiciary primarily needs
A. discipline B. logistics C. motivation D. independence. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (independence. )
Explanation Judges can be fair only if they are free from pressure by the executive, the legislature or anyone else.
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Question 46 Political Parties and Party Systems A state with a hegemonic political party is one in which
A. there is one dominant party B. there is no opposition party C. there is only one party D. other parties are officially recognized. Show the answer and explanation Answer: A (there is one dominant party )
Explanation A hegemonic party dominates politics and keeps winning, though other parties may exist.
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Question 47 Nigeria's Foreign Policy Nigeria's commitment to the liberation of Africa could best be seen in her policy towards
A. Namibia and Mozambique B. The Congo and Zimbabwe C. Sierra Leone and Chad D. South Africa and Angola. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (South Africa and Angola. )
Explanation Nigeria fought apartheid in South Africa and in 1975 backed the MPLA to secure Angola's independence.
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Question 48 Nigeria's Foreign Policy The set of policies on the basis of which countries interact with one another is called
A. constructive engagement policy B. socio-economic policy C. national policy D. foreign policy. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (foreign policy. )
Explanation Foreign policy is the set of principles and actions that guide a country's relations with other countries.
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Question 49 League of Nations and United Nations Nigeria's membership of the UN complements her foreign policy in the area of
A. bilateral diplomacy B. regional diplomacy C. sub-regional diplomacy D. multilateral diplomacy. Show the answer and explanation Answer: D (multilateral diplomacy. )
Explanation The UN brings almost all countries together, so dealing through it is multilateral diplomacy.
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Question 50 Nigeria's Foreign Policy Nigeria teamed up with other developing countries to assert a neutral posture under the platform of
A. Nationalist Movement B. Pan-African Movement C. Non-aligned Movement D. Negritude Movement. Show the answer and explanation Answer: C (Non-aligned Movement )
Explanation The Non-Aligned Movement brought together developing countries that refused to take sides in the Cold War.
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