Theory question 103
Federal, Unitary and Confederal SystemsSection A (answer two questions only from this section)
Why do some West African countries adopt the unitary system of government while others do not?
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Reasons for unitary system: small size of territory (e.g. Gambia, Togo); relatively homogeneous population with few ethnic/religious divisions (e.g. Ghana, Sierra Leone); colonial heritage (French centralised administration); desire for strong central government and quick decisions; cheaper to run; promote national unity; scarce resources and manpower; fear of secession.
Reasons others (e.g. Nigeria) adopt federalism: large size and population; ethnic, religious and cultural diversity; fear of domination by majority groups; colonial history (regions created by the British); desire to bring government closer to the people; economic viability of units; protect minorities.
Give examples of countries for both systems.